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Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Helminthes in Buffaloes in BARIsal District of Bangladesh

S. S. Saha
Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Babugonj, Barisal, Bangladesh.

D. R. Bhowmik
Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Babugonj, Barisal, Bangladesh.

M. M. R. Chowdhury
Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Babugonj, Barisal, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A total 270 samples were collected from July 2012 to December 2012 from three upazilas (Barisal sadar, Bakergonj and Mehendigonj) of Barisal district to know the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminthes. Samples were collected in 10% neutral buffered formalin and shifted to Parasitology laboratory of the department of Pathology and Parasitology under the Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine (ANSVM) faculty of Patuakahli Science and Technology University. Samples were examined by direct smear method and simple sedimentation method of fecal sample examination technique. Among 270 samples 107 (39.6%) samples were found positive for gastrointestinal helminthes. Five types of helminthes were identified namely Fasciola gigantica (26.17%), Amphistomes (60.75%), Neoascaris vitulorum (1%), Schistosoma bovis (1%), Trichostrongylus axei (2%). The prevalence of mixed infection with Fasciola gigantica and Amphistomes was 9.34%. No cestode was found in this study. Comparative study among three different upazila shows highest prevalence in Barisal sadar (44%) and lowest in Mehendigonj (25%). Geographical location of different char island of Sadar upazila and season of sample collection may be the cause of highest prevalence of gastrointestinal helminthes in Sadar upazila of the district. Study period covered rainy season and part of winter season only. Highest parasitic ova were found in rainy season (44.32%) than winter season (29.41%). The age specific prevalence were 12.15%, 14.02%, 40.19%, 33.65% in 0-6 months, 7 months-2 years, 3 years- 6 years & 7 years - above respectively. History of administering anthelmintic (Levamisole hydrochloride) to the calf may be the cause of lowest prevalence of parasitic infection at early age in the study area. In this study, highest number (60.75%) of Amphistomes was found among positive cases. Some important Amphistomes of buffalo are Paramphistomum, Cotylophoron, Gigantocotyle, Gastrothylax etc. are difficult to differentiate through fecal sample examination. So, to understand the detail epidemiology, at least a year study using gross morphological examination with molecular characterization of helminthes is needed.

Keywords: Prevalence, Gastrointestinal helminthes, Barisal

Location: Parasitology laboratory of the department of Pathology and Parasitology under the Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine (ANSVM) faculty of Patuakahli Science and Technology University.

Start Date: 00-07-2012

End Date: 00-12-2012

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Buffalo

Objectives:

To know the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminthes

Methodology:

Study are:a Barisal district (Latitude: 22.75, Longitude: 90.36, Altitude: 4.) is located in south-central part of Bangladesh. The maximum annual average temperature is 35.1°C, minimum 12.1°C. The annual rainfall is 1955 mm, whereas, maximum rainfall is observed in Rainy season (July to October). A lot of rivers are passing away through Barisal district making different island. Natural pasture land makes the island suitable buffalo rearing area. Barisal District is divided into 10 different upazilas but buffalo is not reared at large scale in all upazilas. Depending on the availability of pasture land, buffalo is usually found at Barisal sadar, Bakergonj and Mehendigonj upazila. In Sadar upazila samples were collected from four places namely; Charpar-North, Charpar-South, Laharhat-I, Laharhat-II (nearer to Mehendigonj upazila).

Collection and examination of fecal samples: Two hundred and seventy (270) fecal samples were collected randomly from July 2012 to December 2012. Among 270 fecal samples, 185 samples were collected from Barisal sadar upazila, 45 samples from Bakergonj upazila and 40 samples from Mehendigonj upazila. Based on age the buffaloes were categorized into following groups: 0-6 months, >6months-2 years, >2years-6years and >6years- above. Age of the animals were determined by dentition and sometimes by asking buffalo owners. Samples were collected directly from rectum or immediately after defecation using plastic gloves. Physical examination of fecal samples and clinical signs of animals were recorded during feces collection. Collected fecal samples were preserved in neutral buffered formalin in a plastic jar. Samples were sent to the Parasitology laboratory of the department of Pathology and Parasitology under Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine faculty (ANSVM) of Patuakhali Science and Technology University (PSTU) for the identification of various ova and parasite. Fecal samples were screened by direct smear method and simple sedimentation method. The ova of parasites were identified from their morphological features (Soulsby, 1982).

Source of Information: Bangl.J.Vet.Med. (2013).11(2): 131-135 ISSN: 1729-7893 (Print) 2308-0922 (Online)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Among 270 samples 107 (39.6%) samples were found positive for gastrointestinal helminthes. Five types of helminthes were identified namely Fasciola gigantica (26.17%), Amphistomes (60.75%), Neoascaris vitulorum (1%), Schistosoma bovis (1%), Trichostrongylus axei (2%). The prevalence of mixed infection with Fasciola gigantica and Amphistomes was 9.34%. No cestode was found in this study. Comparative study among three different upazila shows highest prevalence in Barisal sadar (44%) and lowest in Mehendigonj (25%). Geographical location of different char island of Sadar upazila and season of sample collection may be the cause of highest prevalence of gastrointestinal helminthes in Sadar upazila of the district. Study period covered rainy season and part of winter season only. Highest parasitic ova were found in rainy season (44.32%) than winter season (29.41%). The age specific prevalence were 12.15%, 14.02%, 40.19%, 33.65% in 0-6 months, 7 months-2 years, 3 years- 6 years & 7 years - above respectively. History of administering anthelmintic (Levamisole hydrochloride) to the calf may be the cause of lowest prevalence of parasitic infection at early age in the study area. In this study, highest number (60.75%) of Amphistomes was found among positive cases. Some important Amphistomes of buffalo are Paramphistomum, Cotylophoron, Gigantocotyle, Gastrothylax etc. are difficult to differentiate through fecal sample examination. So, to understand the detail epidemiology, at least a year study using gross morphological examination with molecular characterization of helminthes is needed.

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