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General Anaesthesia of Indigenous Pigs in Bangladesh

M S Rana
Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M M Rahman
Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

U K Rima
Department of Medicine, Surgery and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh

N S Juyena
Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Anaesthetic trials were conducted with propofol (P), xylazine-propofol (XP), xylazine-ketamine (XK), xylazine-thiopentone (XT) in 16 healthy indigenous pigs. Respiration rate decreased significantly (P < 0.01) five minutes after induction, and during maximum depth of anaesthesia, and had not returned to control value after recovery from anaesthesia with all anaesthetic combinations. Heart rate with P increased significantly (P<0.01) five minutes after induction, whereas it decreased significantly (P < 0.01) with XP, XK and XT during anaesthesia and remained below the normal range after recovery from anaesthesia except after XP. In all anaesthetic sessions, rectal temperature decreased significantly (P < 0.01) in all stages of anaesthesia: after recovery the rectal temperature almost returned to control value in P and XP. Slight to moderate salivation was observed in all pigs with P and XP. It is suggested that P and XP combination seems to be suitable for general anaesthesia in pigs, but XP is more suitable.

Keywords: Anaesthesia, Indigenous pigs, Bangladesh

Location: Upazila (sub-district) Veterinary Hospital, Taraganj, Rangpur

Start Date: 00-01-2013

End Date: 00-05-2013

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Non-commodity: Performance

Objectives:

The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of propofol, and combinations of propofol, ketamine hydrochloride and thiopentone sodium with xylazine hydrochloride in pigs.

Methodology:

Experimental animals: Sixteen anaesthetic sessions were performed in 16 healthy indigenous pigs during January to May, 2013. Age of the pigs ranged from 12 - 16 months and body weight from 12 - 15 kg. The animals were selected randomly regardless of their sex for each anaesthetic session from a nomadic herd. They had access to pasture for 6 - 8 hours a day and had a free access to water. All animals were routinely examined before anaesthesia. The study was conducted at Upazila (sub-district) Veterinary Hospital, Taraganj, Rangpur. Study design: The pigs were divided into four groups: Group-P: This group was treated with propofol alone (Pofol®, Popular Infusion Ltd, Bangladesh) 4 mg/kg body weight, intravenously. Group-XP: Pigs were treated with xylazine hydrochloride (Xylaxin® Indian Immunologicals Ltd, India) 1.1 mg/kg body weight, intramuscularly. After five minutes propofol was administered 4 mg/kg body weight, intravenously. Group-XK: Xylazine hydrochloride of 1.1 mg/kg body weight was given intramuscularly and ketamine hydrochloride (G-Ketamine®, Gonoshasthaya Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Bangladesh) administered 11 mg/kg body weight, intramuscularly after five minutes of premedication. Group-XT: Freshly prepared 5% thiopentone sodium (G-Thiopental®, Gonoshasthaya Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Bangladesh) 8 mg/kg body weight was given intravenously five minutes after xylazine hydrochloride injection. Preparation and anaesthesia of animals: The animals were closely monitored from 72 hours prior to anaesthesia. Thorough clinical examinations were performed. The animals to be anaesthetized were isolated from others and starved for 12 hours. Anaesthesia was performed in the morning when temperature and humidity were lower.Monitoring of clinical parameters Respiratory and heart rates and rectal temperature were monitored five minutes prior to premedication, five minutes after induction of anaesthesia, during maximum depth of anaesthesia and after complete recovery. Observation of physiological responses: Salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation, protrusion of tongue and shivering were observed in all pigs during the period of anaesthesia. Statistical analysis: Student’s paired t-test for correlated data was used to analyse clinical parameters to determine whether the changes observed in the test levels significantly differ from control values. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) in completely randomized design (CRD) was applied to analyse data regarding the parameters. Results were assessed by the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test in “MSTAT” computer program.

Source of Information: Bangl. vet. 2013. Vol. 30, No. 2, 46 – 53

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Respiration and heart rates and rectal temperature are important during general anaesthesia of pigs. P and XP combination seems to be suitable for general anaesthesia, but XP is more suitable due to less effect on these clinical signs in pigs in Bangladesh.

Knowledge Management: Journal