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Comparative Eco-physiology of Two Cultivars of Wheat (triticum Aestivum Cv. Bijoy and Cv. Pradip) in Relation to Soil Moisture

A. K. M. Nazrul-Islam
Department of Botany, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh

M. A. Akber Khan
Department of Botany, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh

S. S. A. Alamgir
Department of Botany, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh

N. Jahan
Department of Botany, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An investigation on the effect of soil moisture (Moist and Dry) on the growth, yield and water relation with two cultivars of wheat Triticum aestivum cv. Bijoy and cv. Pradip has been done. Soil has the highest exchangeable calcium (1520 μg/g) and lowest potassium (84 μg/g) content, and soil pH in dry treatment showed a tendency to decrease. Total dry matter production and plant height in moist treatment were higher than dry treatment. Dry weight decrease under dry treatment was perhaps due to lack of water in the root environment. Relative growth rate (RGR) did not show any significant difference between the treatments. Both cultivars had large flag leaf area in moist treatment. Length and weight of the spike and weight of 100 grains were higher in moist condition than dry treatment. The plants showed contrasting behaviour with respect to transpiration rate and stomatal closure. Under dry treatment both cultivars particularly cv. Pradip showed high transpiration through the cuticle. Relative water content at stomatal closure was the highest (89.25%) in cv. Pradip under dry treatment than moist condition. Time taken for stomatal closure was also highest in cv. Pradip grown in moist treatment and was lowest in the dry treatment which indicated their sensitivity to drought.

Keywords: Wheat cultivars, Soil moisture, Growth, Yield, Water relation

Location: Botanical Garden, Dhaka University

Start Date: 26-11-2009

End Date: 28-02-2010

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Wheat

Objectives:

1. The present paper presents a detailed account of the growth, dry matter production and yield of two wheat cultivars grown in two water treatments.

Methodology:

Seeds of two cultivars of wheat cv. Bijoy and cv. Pradip obtained from BARI, Gazipur were grown in the experimental plot of the Botanical Garden, Dhaka University. The size of each plot was 70 cm x 60 cm. Seeds were sown on 26 November, 2009 into three rows; in each row 35 to 40 seeds were sown 1.0 cm below the soil surface and the distance from one seed to another was 1.5 cm. The row to row distance was 6.0 cm. After two weeks an initial harvest was done and then the treatments (Moist and Dry) were imposed. In the moist treatment watering was done twice a week and in dry treatment water was added once in a week. The plants were harvested weekly for six weeks and in each harvest 4 plants were removed from each plot. The plants were washed with water; plant height was recorded and was then dried in the oven at 90ºC for 24 hours. Dry weight of the plants was then taken. Relative growth rate (RGR) was calculated from the following formula. Final harvest was done on 28th February, 2010. Height of the plants (with and without spike), length and weight of the spike, weight of 100 grains were measured. Area of the flag leaf was also taken. Hygen’s quick weighing method for analysis of transpiration of detached leaves was used for the comparison of the relations between leaf water content and stomatal closure. The loss of water was followed for about three hours by recording the fresh weight (FW) at an interval of 10 minutes (for about 70 minutes) and then an interval of 20 minutes over a period of approximately 2 hours. The leaves were then oven dried at 90⁰C and the dry weights were then determined. The initial weight was taken as the saturated weight (SW). There were six replicates for each treatment. Leaf water status at any point was calculated as relative water content (RWC).

Source of Information: J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 4(1): 1-6, 2011; ISSN 1999-7361

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The plants showed contrasting behaviour with respect to transpiration rate and stomatal closure. Under dry treatment both cultivars particularly cv. Pradip showed high transpiration through the cuticle. Relative water content at stomatal closure was the highest (89.25%) in cv. Pradip under dry treatment than moist condition. Time taken for stomatal closure was also highest in cv. Pradip grown in moist treatment and was lowest in the dry treatment which indicated their sensitivity to drought.

Knowledge Management: Journal