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Gastrointestinal Helminths Infection in Different Types of Poultry

A. K. M. A. Rabbi
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

A. Islam
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science,Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

S. Majumder
Department of Agricultural Statistics, Faculty of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Anisuzzaman
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. H. Rahman
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The prevalence of gastrointestinal helminth parasites and the gross pathological lesions produced by them in different types of poultry were studied from March 2005 to March 2006, in the Department of Parasitology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. In this study, 240 viscera of three types of poultry such as broiler, layer and backyard indigenous chickens were collected from local markets of Mymensingh district. During routine examination, total six species of helminth parasites were recorded, of which three species were nematodes such as Ascaridia galli, Heterakis gallinarum and Capillaria annulata; two species were cestodes such as Raillietina tetragona and Amoebotaenia sphenoides and only one species was belonged to trematode such as Catatropis verrucosa. Prevalence of different species of gastrointestinal helminths was highest in backyard poultry (100%) followed by layer (48.75%) and broiler (3.75%) which was statistically significant (p < 0.01). Backyard poultry was significantly (p < 0.05) 168.21 and 4106.67 times more susceptible to helminth infection than layer and broiler respectively. But layer was 24.41 times more susceptible to helminth infection than broiler. In backyard poultry, all six species of helminth parasites were found. A statistically significant (p < 0.05) variation in the prevalence of the recovered parasites from backyard poultry were observed such as the prevalence of R. tetragona (100%) was the highest followed by that of A. galli (87.50%) and H. gallinarum (80%). From the odds ratio of the recovered parasites, it was observed that chance of developing R. tetragona (odds ratio 189.73) in backyard poultry was the highest followed by A. galli (odds ratio 7.51) and H. gallinarum (odds ratio 4.04). In case of layer, only A. galli and R. tetragona were recorded, of which, prevalence of A. galli was the highest (43.75%). In broiler, only A. galli (3.75%) was found. Gross pathological lesions were found only in backyard poultry. Pathological changes were detected in case of A. sphenoides and H. gallinarum infection. In A. sphenoides infection petechial hemorrhages were observed in the mucosa of the duodenum. On the other hand, tiny, white, circumscribed nodules of about 2-3 mm of diameter were found in the caecal mucosa in case of H. gallinarum infection. Results of the present study suggest that the backyard poultry is at the high risk of helminth infection. However, layers are also vulnerable to parasitic infection. So regular deworming is essential both in backyard poultry and layer birds to obtain better production from them.

Keywords: Gastrointestinal helminths, Prevalence, Pathology, Broiler, Layer, Backyard poultry

Location: Department of Parasitology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-03-2005

End Date: 00-03-2005

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Diseases

Objectives:

The present research work was conducted to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths in backyard poultry, broiler and layer and also to study the gross pathological lesions produced by them.

Methodology:

This study was conducted from March 2005 to March 2006 to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths infection in poultry and gross pathological lesions produced by them, in the Department of Parasitology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. Viscera of 240 poultry were collected from different local markets of Mymensingh district. This study included three types of poultry such as commercial broiler which was reared in deep litter system, culled layer which was reared at first in deep litter system then in cage system and backyard poultry which was reared in semi scavenging system. After collection, each of the gastrointestinal tracts was examined thoroughly from the outer surface, to detect the gross pathological changes, if any. Therefore, the gastrointestinal tract was subjected to routine examination to collect the gastrointestinal parasites, according to the procedure as described by Fowler (1990). Internal surface of the intestinal tracts was also investigated thoroughly to detect the gross pathological changes, if any. The gross pathological changes were recorded carefully. From the suspected viscera, mucosal scraping was taken and examined under microscope at 10X magnification by adding a drop of normal saline, mounting with a cover slip to detect tiny parasites which deeply burrow into the mucosa, if any. Parasites of the intestinal tract were separated from the intestinal content by repeated sedimentation and made clear by gentle washing with PBS. After washing, nematodes were collected by the help of curved needle and kept in glycerin alcohol. Cestodes and trematodes were collected by the help of dropper and preserved in 10% formalin for the identification. Thorough morphological study of nematodes was performed by the preparation of sub-permanent slide by adding one drop of lactophenol. Morphology of trematodes and cestodes were studied by preparing permanent slide according the methods as described by Cable (1957). Parasites were identified according to the keys and description given by Soulsby (1982) and Yamaguti (1958). Statistical analysis: The prevalence of the different parasitic infection was computed using the formula as descried by Thrusfield (1995). Odds ratio and confidence interval were obtained by the formula according to the Schlesselman (1982).

Source of Information: Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2006). 4 (1): 13–18

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

In conclusion, it can be said that backyard poultry is in the high risk of helminth infection. However, layer birds are also not free from the risk of infection. Moreover, the parasites are associated with the development of pathological changes. Therefore, they have economic impact in the poultry production. So, proper deworming programme should be conducted.

Knowledge Management: Journal