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Effect of Carbohydrate Rich Diet on Experimental Pathology of Necrotic Enteritis in Broilers

M. M. Rahman
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

M. E. Kabir
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

S. Sultana
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

J. Ferdoush
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

T. Ruba
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

P. M. Das
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

M. M. Hossain
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The present research work was designed to know the effect of carbohydrate rich diet on the experimental pathology of necrotic enteritis in broilers. For experimental purpose, 15 birds of 14 days of age were grouped into 3 (A, B and C). Birds of group A were fed with 400 gm maize/kg (40% increase) and group B were fed with 200gm maize/kg (20% increase) of normal feed from day 14 to day 27 and challenged from day 21 to 25 days with 1x108 CFU/3ml of inoculums of Cl. perfringens consecutive 5 days. Group C was kept in control without additional maize. Birds of all groups were observed up to 27 days of age. The clinical signs diarrhea, ruffled feather were common in both group A and B, and less feed intake in group A than group B. There was no mortality in any groups. Birds of all groups were sacrificed at the day 28. Necrosis and hemorrhage in intestine, enlarged liver, and hemorrhage in the base of heart were found in group A (+++). In impression smear of intestines, the average 10-12 bacteria were found in group A and 8-10 bacteria were found in group B in higher magnification (100X). In histopathology, severe infiltration of inflammatory cells including heterophils and lymphocytes and sloughing off mucosal epithelium that changed by pink color cytoplasm with pyknotic nuclei were observed in group A (+++) while group B showed infiltration of inflammatory cells and sloughing off mucosal epithelium (++). The birds of group C were normal in all respects. Anaerobic bacteria counted from intestinal content of group A was 2.8x107 CFU/ml, group B was 2.2x107 CFU/ml and group C was 1.0x107CFU/ml. From the findings, it may be said that carbohydrate rich diet is a predisposing factor for necrotic enteritis in broilers.

Keywords: Carbohydrate rich diet, Experimental pathology, Necrotic enteritis, Clostridium perfringens, Broilers

Location: BAU, Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-07-2013

End Date: 00-11-2013

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Chicken

Objectives:

To observe the effect of carbohydrate rich diet on experimental pathology of necrotic enteritis in broilers.

Methodology:

The research work was carried out in the Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during July 2013 to November 2013.Isolation and identification of Clostridium perfringens The organism was cultured in nutrient agar and nutrient broth. The organism was stained with Gram’s stain for morphological study. Biochemical tests for Clostridium perfringens were performed following routine standard procedures (Miah, 2011). Determination of CFU/ml Nutrient agar media was used in order to determine the CFU/ml of nutrient broth for inoculum. In dilution of 1:10 the colony was not countable and in 1:1000 dilution the colony was not detected. So, the colonies from 1:100 dilutions were counted (Fig. 6). Each of the bird of experimental groups was drenched with 3 ml of broth that contained 1x108 CFU (Olkowski et al., 2006). Experimental design For experiment a total number of 15 broiler birds of 14 days of age were collected from Sutiakhali poultry farm, Mymensingh and grouped into three (A, B and C). Each group contained five birds. The birds were maintained for 2 weeks with overall experimental optimal rearing condition. The feed and water supply was ad libitum. Generally carbohydrate concentrate in broiler feed is 70% (Reddy et al., 2001). This experiment was performed with 40% and 20% increase level of maize and another group was given normal feed. Birds of group A were fed with 400gm maize/kg (40% increase of carbohydrate than normal) of normal feed from day 14 to day 20 and challenged on day 21 with 1x108 CFU/3ml of inoculums for consecutive 5 days long term exposure trail (Olkowski et al., 2006). The carbohydrate diet was also fed up to 28 days of age of the birds. Birds of group B were fed with 200gm maize/kg (20% increase of carbohydrate than normal) were given same amount of bacteria with same time schedule. The carbohydrate diet was also fed up to 28 days of age of the birds. Group C was kept as control with commercial normal pellet without Clostridium perfringens (Drew et al., 2004). The feed and water supply was adlibitum in all groups of birds. Experimentally inoculated birds were observed for every 24 hours interval up to day 27 (7 days) of post inoculation. In the experimental period the clinical signs, morbidity and mortality were recorded. Then birds were sacrificed on Day 28 (8 days post inoculation). Gross pathology recorded and impression smear from intestine were taken. For anaerobic bacteria count from intestinal content and study of microscopic pathology of different organs were performed.

Source of Information: Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2014). 12 (1): 17-26 ISSN: 1729-7893 (Print), 2308-0922 (Online)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Birds of all groups were observed up to 27 days of age. The clinical signs diarrhea, ruffled feather were common in both group A and B, and less feed intake in group A than group B. There was no mortality in any groups. Birds of all groups were sacrificed at the day 28. Necrosis and hemorrhage in intestine, enlarged liver, and hemorrhage in the base of heart were found in group A (+++). In impression smear of intestines, the average 10-12 bacteria were found in group A and 8-10 bacteria were found in group B in higher magnification (100X). In histo pathology, severe infiltration of inflammatory cells including heterophils and lymphocytes and sloughing off mucosal epithelium that changed by pink color cytoplasm with pyknotic nuclei were observed in group A (+++) while group B showed infiltration of inflammatory cells and sloughing off mucosal epithelium (++). The birds of group C were normal in all respects. Anaerobic bacteria counted from intestinal content of group A was 2.8x107 CFU/ml, group B was 2.2x107 CFU/ml and group C was 1.0x107CFU/ml. From the findings, it may be said that carbohydrate rich diet is a predisposing factor for necrotic enteritis in broilers.

Knowledge Management: Journal