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Prevalence and Clinico-pathological Effects of Ectoparasites in Backyard Poultry

I. S. Shanta
Research Associate, UGC Project entitled “ Efficacy of some indigenous plants (aquatic and terrestrial) in controlling vector snails of trematode parasites of medical and veterinary importance, Department of Parasitology, BAU, Mymensignh,

N. Begum*
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science,Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Anisuzzaman
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science,Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

A. S. M. Bari
Department of Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

M. J. Karim
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science,Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

To study the prevalence of ectoparasites and their clinicopathological effects on backyard poultry, 300 poultry of both sexes and different ages were examined in different areas of Patuakhali district from July 2005 to May 2006. Of them 86.67% were infested with one or more species of ectoparasites. Six species of lice such as Menacanthus stramineus (74%), Menopon gallinae (63%), Lipeurus caponis (48%), Cuclotogaster heterographus (25%), Goniodes gigas (18%), and Goniocotes gallinae (14%), two species of mites namely Dermanyssus gallinae (57%), Knemidocoptes mutans, (43%) and one species of fly, Simulium sp. (3.7%) were identified. Among these, M. stramineus was the most common. Aged above 5 months, 100% poultry were infested with ectoparasites but cocks and broody hens were severely infested. In broody hens, prevalence of D. gallinae was the highest (97.3%). K. mutans (43%) was mostly found in adult poultry aged above two years. The affected birds were emaciated with rough plumage, dandruff, and petechial haemorrhages on the highly infested skin. Small ulcerative lesions were common in Dermanyssus gallinae infestation in which the engorged, red parasites stacked tightly. In K. mutans infestation, legs were rough, swollen with scaly appearance, which was from tibiotarsal joint downwards to the joint of the toes. Some of the severely affected birds showed lameness but no malformation was observed. Histopathologically, scaly leg was characterized by hyperkeratosis and acanthosis. In tissue sections, the mites were observed as transverse or cross section in the deeper parts of the stratum corneum or the superficial layers of the stratum malpighii of the skin and rarely go deeper. In some area of skin, there were losses of epithelium. In advanced cases, there was secondary pyogenic infection; characterized by severe pus cell infiltration in the dermis. The present study suggests that ectoparasitic infestation is very common in the backyard poultry of Bangladesh and they are associated with the production of some clinicopathological effects variable degree.

Keywords: Prevalence, Clinico-pathological effects, Ectoparasites, Backyard poultry

Location: Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science (FVS), Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh.

Start Date: 00-07-2005

End Date: 00-05-2006

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Poultry

Objectives:

The present research work was taken to study the over all prevalence of ectoparasites and to study the clinicopathological effect of ectoparasites in backyard poultry.the present research work was taken to study the over all prevalence of ectoparasites and to study the clinicopathological effect of ectoparasites in backyard poultry.

Methodology:

Collection of poultry: Prevalence of ectoparasites in backyard poultry and their clinico-pathological effects were studied from July 2005 to May 2006 in different areas of Patuakhali. Identification of the parasites and other relevant work were done in the Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science (FVS), Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh. The histopathological studies were performed in the Department of Pathology, FVS, BAU, Mymensingh. A total of 300 chickens were purchased from the local markets and farmers’ household of the study area. Collection and identification of ectoparasites: To study the prevalence of ectoparasites the birds were subjected to antemortem examination. The birds were examined using magnifying glass, for the presence of ectoparasites and any detectable lesions by parting of feathers, by digital palpation and close inspection. Ectoparasites were collected by hand picking and preserved in glycerin alcohol (95 parts of alcohol and 5 parts glycerin) in separate vials for each host. Parasites were identified by preparing permanents slides according to the procedures described by Cable (1957), by using keys and description given by Soulsby (1982) and Wall and Shearer (1997). Pathological observation: To study the pathological lesions, seriously affected birds were subjected to postmortem examination. Tissues with severe lesions were collected, preserved in 10% buffer neutral formalin and processed for histopathology. Histopathological changes were studied by preparing permanent slide according to the description given by Luna (1968). Statistical analysis: The prevalence of an ectoparasite in the specific body location(s) was calculated according to the definition of point prevalence (Thrusfield, 1995).

Source of Information: Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2006). 4 (1) : 19–26

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

In this study, prevalence of ectoparasites and their clinicopathological effects on backyard poultry had been studied. But the effects of ectoparasites on the production performance of backyard poultry had not been evaluated which would provide a clear justification of the control program suggested. So this area needs special attention in any future study.

Knowledge Management: Journal