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Helminth Parasites of the Digestive System of Sheep in Mymensingh, Bangladesh

M. A. Mazid
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

J. Bhattacharjee
Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

N. Begum
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. H. Rahman
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Helminth parasites of the digestive system of sheep in Mymensingh, Bangladesh were studied during the period January to December, 2004. For this, the digestive system were collected from sheep slaughtered at slaughter houses of Mymensingh town and the Bangladesh Agricultural University Campus and were subjected to routine examination for the collection of helminth parasites. A total of 150 sheep were examined of which 142 (94.67%) were positive for one/more species of helminth parasites, among them six species belonged to trematodes, namely, Fasciola gigantica, Schistosoma indicum, Paramphistomum cervi, Cotylophoron cotylophorum, Grastrothylax crumenifer and Homalogaster paloniae, two species belonged to cestodes, namely, Moniezia expansa and Moniezia benedeni and three species belonged to nematodes, namely Haemonchus contortus, Oesophagostomum columbianum and Trichuris ovis. Relatively higher occurrence was recorded in winter season (100%) followed by rainy (96%) and summer (88.57%). In relation to age, the occurrence of helminth parasites in younger (<1 year) and in old (≥2 years) sheep was 100% but in young (≥1-2 years) was 76.09%. In relation to sex, the occurrence of helminth parasites was 100% in female and 78.57% in male sheep.

Keywords: Helminth, Digestive system, Sheep

Location: Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-01-2004

End Date: 00-12-2004

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Sheep

Objectives:

The objective of the present study was to find the occurrence of helminth parasites in the digestive system of sheep and the occurrence in relation to age, sex and season.

Methodology:

The digestive tract and the associated glands were collected from sheep autopsied at the slaughter houses at Mymensingh town and the BAU campus. The study was carried out at the Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh where different organs were thoroughly examined for the detection, collection and morphological studies on the helminthes from January to December 2004. Although there are six seasons in Bangladesh but only three seasons are prominent such as summer (March-June), rainy (July-October) and winter (November-February). So, the experimental period was divided into these three seasons for the convenience of the study.Procedures for examination of visceral organs and collection and identification of parasites: Examination of visceral organs, collection of parasites and their preservation were made by the methods followed by Rahman et al. (1996). All worms found were collected and placed separately in physiological saline. Immediately after collection initial studies on the morphological features of these helminths for preliminary identification were made by mounting under the microscope. Nematodes were passed through saline immediately after collection, and then they were removed from saline and placed in hot glycerin alcohol for straightening of the parasites which made morphological studies easier. Large trematodes were cleaned off debris with the help of fine camel hair brushes and then preserved in 10% formalin. All other trematodes and cestodes were cleared off, the debris by passing through saline for several times and preserved in 10% formalin. Large and heavy trematodes and the segments of cestodes were pressed between two glass slides and preserved. Label marking the data, place of collection, specimen, sex and organ of the animals were placed on the collecting bottles.
Morphological studies of the nematodes were made after clearing them in suitable clearing agents such as Lacto-phenol. Trematodes and cestodes required staining for detailed morphological studies. Semichon’s carmine was used as a staining agent and 10% formalin used for fixation, of the trematodes and cestodes was removed through washing in running water for several hours to get rid of the fixatives. Then the specimens were dehydrated by passing through graded alcohol such as 30%, 50% and 70% for half to one hour in each case. This was done by changing the liquids by decanting and keeping the specimens in the dish. Then the specimens were passed through 80%, 90% and absolute alcohol retaining in each for fifteen minutes to half an hour. They were then cleared in neutral, turpinal for half an hour. Then mounting with Canada balsam was done after momentary washing in xylol. In all cases, parasites were identified following the keys given by Khalil et al. (1994) and Rahman et al. (1996).

Source of Information: Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2006). 4 (2): 117–122

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The occurrence of T. ovis recorded in this study was 58.29%. But Islam (1989) reported that the occurrence of Trichuris spp. (T. ovis and T. globulosa) was 42.23%. The highest occurrence (58.33%) Trichuris spp. was recorded in the month of January and the lowest (25.00%) in November. In this study, a peak occurrence of T. ovis was in rainy season and winter season, respectively, which is similar to findings by Islam (1989) who reported that a peak occurrence of recorded in winter. A high occurrence of T. ovis was observed in younger sheep (<1year) than the young and older sheep but Islam (1989) reported that a high occurrence of Trichuris spp. was observed in the middle aged animals (above 8 months to 18 months of age). This investigation also revealed that the occurrence was little higher in female sheep than male, which is closely related to the report of Islam (1989) who reported that the occurrence was little bit higher in female goats than male.

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