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Effects of Calcium Carbonate, Potassium Iodide and Zinc Sulphate in Lead Induced Toxicities in Rat Model

M. M. Haque
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science,Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. A. Awal
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science,Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. Mostofa
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. M. H. Sikder
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science,Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. A. Hossain
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science,Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A study was carried out to find out the effects of calcium carbonate, potassium iodide and zinc sulphate in lead induced toxicities in rat with the observation of toxic signs, postmortem changes and determination of lead quantity in different organs of the body. Twenty-five long Evans rats weighing between 202-305g were randomly divided into five groups keeping group A as untreated control. Rest four groups (B, C, D & E) were treated with lead acetate @ 20mg/kg body weight in addition, rats of groups C, D & E were given Calcium carbonate (50mg/kg body weight), potassium iodide (20mg/kg bwt) and zinc sulphate (10mg/kg bwt.) respectively. Treatments were continued for 42 consecutive days. Rats of group B showed reduction in fecal consumption, anxiety, indigestion, fatigue, muscle tremor, paralysis and ruffled hair coat. However, rats of group C were apparently normal but rats of group D and E showed mild toxic signs of similar nature. On postmortem examination, severe congestion and blackish discoloration with enlargement of the liver, kidney, spleen and inflammation of the gastric mucosa were observed in rats of group B. However, these changes were less severe in other groups. The significant reduction of lead in blood, liver, kidney and brain was observed in rats of group C, D and E in comparison to group B. In addition, significant reduction of lead content was observed in femur of group C only. The present findings revealed that during lead exposure administration of calcium carbonate may be effective in modifying and preventing lead deposition in tissues followed by zinc sulphate and potassium iodide in rat.

Keywords: Toxicity, Lead, Calcium carbonate, Potassium iodide, Zinc sulphate, Rat

Location: Pharmacology and Toxicology laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Rats

Objectives:

In the present study an attempt has been undertaken to study the effect of calcium carbonate, potassium iodide and zinc sulfate in lead induced toxicities in rats.

Methodology:

The experiment was carried out in the experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University to observe the effect of calcium carbonate, potassium iodide, and zinc sulphate in respective group of lead in toxicities on long Evans rats.

Grouping and treatment of animal: All the rats were randomly divided into five (05) equal groups (5×5) comprised of five rats and were marked as group A, B, C, D and E. Rats were subjected to be treated with the help of a measuring dropper once daily for a period of six weeks. Group A was untreated and was given normal feed and water as per requirement; where as Lead acetate 20 mg/kg bwt, Lead acetate 20 mg/kg b.wt plus calcium carbonate 50 mg/kg b.wt., Lead acetate 20 mg/kg bwt plus potassium iodide 20 mg/kg bwt, Lead acetate 20 mg/kg b.wt plus zinc sulfate 10 mg/kg bwt in 4ml distilled water for group B, C, D and E respectively. Toxic signs and body weight: After feeding of lead acetate alone and with calcium carbonate, potassium iodide and zinc sulfate to 4 groups of rats separately for 42 consecutive days all the control and treated rats were observed carefully for appearance of any toxic signs. Body weight of the control and treated rats were taken before starting of experiment and at 14 days interval during 42 days of feeding.
Hematological parameter: For determination of hematological parameter blood samples were collected just before treatment on day 14, day 28 and day 42 of treatment from tail and heart of the control and treated diethyl-anesthetized rats. Immediately after collection of blood, blood was transferred to sterile test tube containing anticoagulant at a ratio of 1: 10. The collected blood was used for different hematological parameters within two hours of collection. The hematological parameters were determined as per method cited by Lamberg and Rothstein (1977).
Gross pathological changes: At the end of the experimental period i.e. 42 days of treatment period, all the rats were sacrificed and were dissected for observing the postmortem changes.
Determination of lead acetate in different organs of the body: The different tissues and organs (blood, liver, kidney, brain and femur) were collected and stored for detection of lead in the different tissues and organs as Semi quantitative lead determination by “Merck Lead Test” kit.
Preparation of tissue homogenates and blood sample: From each group of rats, individual organs were taken aseptically and were grinded with the help of mortar and pestle in normal saline and then the tissue materials (homogenates) were taken in different test tubes. Normal saline was added for the preparation of this homogenate at the rate of 5 ml per grams of tissues. For blood samples, normal saline was also added at the same rate.
Statistical analysis: Data obtained from the experiment on body weight, hematological parameters such as TEC, Hb was analyzed statistically using students T-test following the standard methods by Khan (1989).

Source of Information: Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2006). 4 (2): 123–127

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

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Achievement/Findings:

The present findings reveal that during lead exposure administration of calcium carbonate may be effective in modifying and preventing lead deposition in tissues followed by zinc sulphate and potassium iodide in rat.

Knowledge Management: Journal