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Sero-surveillance and Immunization in Sheep and Goats Against Peste Des Petits Ruminants in Bangladesh

S. C. Banik
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science

S. C. Podder
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science

M. A. Samad
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science

M. T. Islam
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The sero-surveillance and immunization studies on Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) in non-descriptive indigenous sheep and Black Bengal goats aged between 5 to 12 months were carried out in the district of Mymensingh during the period from June to November 2003. Sero-prevalence of PPR by using competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (C-ELISA) was conducted on 100 sheep and 100 goats which were selected randomly from 10 different areas in the district of Mymensingh. Of the 100 sheep and 100 goats tested, 27% sheep and 25% goats had positive (≥ 50) antibody titre. This indicates that 27% sheep and 25% goats might have the capability to resist natural PPR infection and accordingly, sero-monitoring could be required to give a better indication of nation herd immunity. The immunization study against PPR with a commercial PPR VAC® was conducted on 10 sheep and 10 goats by inoculating @ 1.0 ml vaccine / animal subcutaneously. The clinical, haematological, biochemical and antibody levels were determined at pre-immunization and at 7th, 14th and 21st day of postimmunization. The mean antibody titre at 7th, 14th and 21st day of post-immunization in sheep (38.28 ± 4.34, 58.63 ± 3.60 & 68.27 ± 3.09) and goats (49.84 ± 4.37, 63.23 ± 3.64 & 76.60 ± 4.07) were significantly (p < 0.01) increased in comparison to the respective pre-immunization mean titre of sheep (20.0 ± 6.78) and goats (14.00 ± 6.96). Results of haematological examination showed that the PPR VAC® has no effects on haemoglobin (Hb), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), packed celled volume (PCV) and total erythrocyte count (TEC). The TLC was markedly increased at all the stages of postimmunization in both sheep and goats but significantly (p < 0.05) increased at 21st day (10.08 ± 1.55 103 / mm3) in sheep and at 14th day (14.76 ± 0.84 103 / mm3) in goats in comparison to pre-immunization values of sheep (7.95 ± 0.97 103 / mm3) and goats (9.00 ± 1.28 103 / mm3). No distinct difference was observed on rectal temperature, pulse and respiratory rate between the pre- and post-immunization values which indicates PPR-VAC® has no clinical effects in vaccinated animals. No significant differences on calcium, albumin, total serum protein (TSP) and glucose levels were observed between the pre- and post-immunization values in both the sheep and goats. But the TSP in both the sheep 8.43 ± 0.69 g/dl) and goats (8.26 ± 0.50 g / dl) at 21st day of post-immunization increased insignificantly (p > 0.05) in comparison to the pre-immunization values of sheep (7.66 ± 0.79 g / dl) and goats (7.89 ± 0.92 g / dl). The results of humoral immune response produced by PPR-VAC® indicates the activity of the inoculated vaccine but challenge studies with virulent PPR virus would be required to confirm its efficacy.

Keywords: PPR, sheep, goats, sero-surveillance, C-ELISA, PPR-VAC®, haematology, biochemistry

Location: Mymensingh

Start Date: 01-06-2003

End Date: 30-11-2003

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity:

Objectives:

This paper describes the sero-surveillance and effects of immunization in sheep and goats immunized against PPR in Bangladesh.

Methodology:

The study on PPR was carried out on sero-surveillance and immunization in sheep and goats during the period from June to November 2003. Sero-surveillance of PPR The sero-surveillance study on PPR was conducted on randomly selected indigenous 100 sheep and 100 Black Bengal goats, of either sex, aged between 5 to 12 months with history of no earlier vaccination against any diseases. These animals were selected from 10 different localities in the district of Mymensingh. Collection of blood Blood (about 5.0 ml / animal) was collected from jugular vein of each of the selected 100 goats and 100 sheep in separate sterilized test tubes with and without adding any anti-coagulants. The tubes containing blood without any anti-coagulants were kept in refrigerator overnight and sera were separated as per conventional method by centrifugation at 5000 rpm for 15 minutes. Sera were transferred to the small glass vial and stored at – 20 ⁰C until tested. Each of the randomly selected sera samples of 100 goats and 100 sheep was screened with the help of commercial competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (C-ELISA) kit (IAEA and BDSL, UK) as described by Sil et al. (2001). The serum calcium, serum albumin, total serum protein (TSP) and serum glucose were estimated by using complete test kits Cat No. 10011 at 570 nm, Cat No. 10560 at 546 nm, Cat No. 10570 at 546 nm and Cat No. 10260, 10121 and 10123 at 580 nm, respectively as described by the manufacturer and Diagnostica mbH, Germany ). Statistical analysis Results were analyzed statistically with the help of Student’s `t’ test for significance as described by Gupta
(1982).

Source of Information: Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2008). 6 (2): 185–190

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The serum calcium, albumin, total serum protein (TSP) and glucose were determined in sheep and goats at pre-immunization and at 7th, 14th and 21st day of post-immunization with PPR-VAC®. No significant difference was observed in any of the investigated biochemical constituents in sheep and goats due to immunization against PPR. But the TSP in both the sheep (8.43 ± 0.69 g / dl) and goats (8.26 ± 0.50 g/dl) at 21st day of post-immunization increased insignificantly (p > 0.05) in comparison to the pre-immunization values of sheep (7.66 ± 0.79 g/dl) and goats (7.89 ± 0.92 g /dl) which might be due to humoral immune response for the production of immunoglobulin antibodies against inoculated PPR virus antigens

Knowledge Management: Journal