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Seroprevalence and Mortality in Chickens Caused by Pullorum Disease and Fowl Typhoid in Certain Government Poultry Farms in Bangladesh

M. A. Hossain
Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Syelhet Government Veterinary College, Tilagor, Syelht-3100

M. A. Islam
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2002, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

This study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence and mortality in chickens caused by pullorum disease and fowl typhoid in five different government poultry farms according to three agril groups during the period from June' 2002 to May' "2003. The overall seroprevalence of salmonellosis, especially pullorum disease and fowl typhoid was 26.67%. The mean seropositivity of five farms in three different age groups from each farm was 18.97±2.27%, 33.20±3.53% and 27.84±2.67% on IOU', 24th and 40th week of age, respectively. The mean seropositivity of three different age groups from each farm was 36.77±5.40%, 24.05±3.97%, 26.80±3.90%, 25.77±4.49% and 19.93±3.28% in Mirpur, Savar, Bogra, Kishoregonj and Tangail poultry farm, respectively. Fowl typhoid caused by S. gallinarum was the most predominant organism accounting for 295 isolates, and only 74 isolates were identified as pullorurn disease caused by S. pullorum. The highest mean proportion of mortality due to fowl typhoid among five farms was 43.36±2.39% and was highly significant.

Keywords: Seroprevalence, Mortality, Pullorum disease, Fowl typhoid, Chickens

Location: In five different government poultry farms situated in Mirpur, Savar, Bogra, Kishoregonj and Tangail

Start Date: 00-06-2002

End Date: 00-05-2003

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Chicken

Objectives:

This paper describes the seroprevalence and mortality caused by pullorum disease and fowl typhoid in commercial chickens.

Methodology:

This study was conducted in five different government poultry farms situated in Mirpur, Savar, Bogra, Kishoregonj and Tangail in two phases. In one phase, the seroprevalence of salmonellosis study was conducted only in Jiving birds and in another phase, proportion of mortality due to fowl typhoid and pullorum disease were determined on bacteriological examination in three age groups from each of the five farms. The study was conducted during the period between June 2002 and May 2003. ' Seroprevalence of salmoneUosis. The total population in this study in three different age groups from five different government poultry farms was 15063 and collected total blood sample sizes were 1455. The blood samples were collected from living birds of the five farms on 10th, 24th and 40th weeks of age. The maximum numbers of birds were sampled to detect the seropositivity with a probability of 95% confidence interval and with a desirable error limit of 5%. of fresh blood was used for whole blood rapid plate agglutination test as described by Anon. (1996). Nobilis SP antigen (Intervet International B.V., Boxmer, Holland) belonging 1.9, 12 antigenic factors was used in this study as reference antigen for the determination of seropositivity of salmonellosis. These tests developed visible agglutination when positive blood samples were mixed with this crystal violet colored antigen. Proportion of mortality due to fowl typhoid and pullorum disease In this study, a total of 1290 dead chickens out of 14142 study population from five different poultry farms considering the three different age groups were subjected to post mortem and bacteriolotcal examination. The considered three age groups from each of the five farms were day 0 to 13th weeks, 14th to 26 weeks and 27th to 39th weeks of age.

Either liver, spleen, ovary, oviduct or yolk sac was considered as laboratory tissue samples. The surface of the liver, ovary, oviduct and unabsorbed yolk sac were seared, and its interior was sampled on sterile cotton swabs that were then streaked on blood agar ( CM55, Oxoid Ltd., Hampshire, England ) and MacConkey agar (1.05465, Merck, kGaA, Darmstadt, Germany ) for culture. Lesions found were summarized, and a tentative diagnosis was recorded based upon anamnesis and lesions demonstrated. Suspected colonies from MacConkey agar were then transferred to triple sugar iron ( TSI ) agar slant. Polyvalent Salmonella '0' antisera were used for serotyping. Dulcitol and ornithine decarboxylase were used to consider the biochemical· differences between S. pullorum and S. gallinarum. S. gallinarum can ferment dulcitol, whereas S. pullorum can not do so and S. pullroum can ferment only ornithine decarboxylase, not dulcitol ( Calnek et al., 1997 ).

Statlstieal analysis: The data were analyzed by univariate and general linear model ( GLM ) procedures at 8.2 versions of SAS software. The Duncan's multiple range tests were also estimated by SAS software to locate the calculated means that were significantly different.

Source of Information: Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2004). 2 (2): 103-106

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It is recommended that this study confirm the seriousness of fowl typhoid infection in 27-39 weeks age group and pullorum disease in day 0 to 13 weeks age group. Therefore, it is suggested that particular attention should be paid to prevent pullorum disease and fowl typhoid, and appropriate policies must be taken to control or to eradicate fowl typhoid and pullorum disease from Bangladesh.

Knowledge Management: Journal