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Retrospective Study of Some Poultry Diseases at Gaibandha District of Bangladesh

A. Islam
REAP Program, Mennonite Central Committee, Bangladesh

M. Das
Bay Agro Industries Ltd. Dhaka-215,

M. R. Amin
Field Disease Investigation Laboratory, Gaibandha, Bangladesh

A. A. Trisha
Livestock Training Institute,DLS,Gaibandha

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A total of 325 chickens, duck and pigeon, dead or sick, brought for diagnosis to the FDIL (field disease investigation laboratory), Guibandha during the period from July, 2005 to June, 2006 were taken into consideration in this study to know the seasonal occurrence of diseases and their comparison and to identify the effect of season and age for developing the diseases. Among the examined birds 251 were chicken including local and commercial birds, 67 were ducks and 7 were pigeon. The diagnosed diseases were parasitic diseases including coccidiosis, ascaridiosis and schistosomiasis; viral diseases including New Castle disease (ND), infectious Bursal Disease (IBD), avian Leucosis (AL) and Duck Plague (DP), bacterial diseases including salmonellosis, pasteurellosis and colibacillosis, non-infectious diseases including ascites, egg bound, cannibalism and fatty liver hemorrhagic disease, MC complex (mycoplasmosis-colibacillosis complex) and fungal infection including aspergillosis. The occurrence of parasitic diseases (86.2%) was the highest, followed by viral diseases (32.6%), bacterial diseases (25.8%) and non-infectious diseases (12.9%). In chickens the occurrence of parasitic diseases was the highest (88.4%) followed by bacterial diseases (28.3%), viral diseases (27.1%), non-infectious diseases (16.30%), MC complex (3.6%) and aspergillosis (1.6%). Bacterial diseases were significantly (p<0.05) higher in winter as well as in rainy season compared to summer season. Occurrence of pasteurellosis was significantly (p<0.05) higher in winter (p<0.05) and rainy (p<0.01) season compared to summer season. Parasitic diseases were significantly (p<0.01) higher in winter (97.2%) compared to summer (83.3%). The occurrence of coccidiosis was 88% and it was significantly (p<0.01) higher in winter (97.2%) compared to summer (82.2%). Egg bound was present among 10% birds and it was significantly (p<0.05) lower in rainy season compared to summer season. In case of ducks the presence of parasitic diseases was the highest (77.60%) followed by viral diseases (56.7%), bacterial diseases (16.40%) and non-infectious diseases (1.50%). Duck plague was present in 56.7% birds and it was significantly (p<0.05) higher in winter (80%) season compared to summer (44.8%) season. The occurrence of duck plague was observed in 56.70% birds and it was significantly (p<0.05) higher in laying stage (67.60%) than pullet stage (43.30%). Incase of pigeon 28.60% birds showed bacterial infections and 85.70% birds showed parasitic infestations. Present study suggests that various infectious and non-infectious diseases are prevalent among the poultry of Guibandha district. So effective control measures should be taken to minimize this problem.

Keywords: Poultry diseases, Seasonal variation,

Location: Gaibandha,Bangladesh

Start Date: 01-07-2005

End Date: 30-06-2006

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Poultry

Objectives:

1. To find out the prevalence of different diseases with seasonal dynamics

2. To ascertain the significant risk factors for poultry diseases in the area.

Methodology:

A total of 325 poultry, duck and pigeon were examined through post mortem at Gaibandha during the period from July, 2005 to June, 2006. Of the examined birds, 251 were chickens, 67 were ducks and 7 were pigeon. Before clinical examination, age, species and breed of the birds and other relevant data were recorded. Here chickens include commercial and local scavenging birds. For the convenience of the study, ducks were divided into two age groups: pullet stage (up to 140 days) and laying stage (more than 140 days). Research period was divided into 3 seasons such as rainy (July to October), summer (March to June) and winter (November to February). Diagnosis of different diseases was made considering the history of the flock, age of the affected birds, clinical signs and postmortem lesions. Age related prevalence were calculated only for ducks. Incase of chicken, these prevalence were not computed as the time of maturity of layers, broilers and scavenging poultry were different. The chi-square tests were performed to understand the significance of the associations between the prevalence of the diseases in poultry . Disease prevalence were compared by Z-test (normal test) only for significant association. Two multivariable logistic regression models were fitted for identifying effect of season and age that significantly influences the prevalence of disease in poultry .

Source of Information: Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2009). 7 (1) : 239 – 247

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Poultry in the study area suffers from several diseases. These diseases are directly or indirectly causing economic losses of the farmers. Preventive intervention could much improve the situation. Thus, it is essential to take control measures against these diseases for the development of the poultry industry.

Knowledge Management: Journal