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Effect of Dose and Time of Vaccination on Immune Response of Duck Plague Vaccinein Ducks

M. T. Hossain
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene and Department of Medicine Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. A. Islam
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene and Department of Medicine Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

S. Akter
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene and Department of Medicine Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. Sadekuzzaffian
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene and Department of Medicine Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. A. Islam
Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. M. Amin
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene and Department of Medicine Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Effect of dose and time of vaccination on immune response of duck plague vaccine in 90 (45 of 18-day-old and 45 of 35-day-old) Jinding ducklings was studied during the period from October 2002 to March 2003. Each of both age group (18-day-old and 35-day old) was divided into three groups as A, B. C and D, E, F respectively, consisting of 15 ducklings in each. Each duckling of groups A and B was primarily vaccinated with 0.25 ml and 0.5 ml of duck plague vaccine ( LRI, Mohakhali ) intramuscularly at 18 days old respectively and could not be boosted due to the death of all the ducklings of both groups within 20 days of primary vaccination. Each duckling of group D and E received 0.5 mJ and 1.0 ml of duck plague vaccine (LRI, Mohakhali ) intramuscularly at 35 days old respectively and ducks of both the groups boosted with 1.0 ml of vaccine 5 months after primary vaccination. Groups C and F served as unvaccinated control. 14 days after booster vaccination ducks of group D, E and F were challenged with the virulent field isolate of duck plague virus @ 1.0 mil duck 1M (104 EID 50I dose ). The ducklings of group D that were vaccinated primarily at 35 days old with 0.5 ml and boosted after 5 months with 1.0 mJ of duck plague vaccine had significantly ( p< 0.01) higher PHA titres after 2 weeks of primary vaccination ( 38.4 ± 6.4 ), booster vaccination ( 153.6 ± 25.6 ) and challenge infection (281.6 ± 62.71) in comparison to control group (and 20..0 ± 2.3 respectively) and all the ducks survived (100%) after challenge. The ducklings of group E that were vaccinated primarily at 35 days old and boosted after 5 months of primary vaccination with) .0 ml of duck JYiague vaccine had also significantly (p< 0.01) higher PHA titres after two weeks of booster vaccination (76.8 ± 12.8) and challenge infection (153.6 ± 25.6) in comparison to control group, but only 8 (53.3%) ducks could protect the challenge infection with virulent duck plague virus. It may be concluded that ducklings below 30 days of age should not be vaccinated with duck plague vaccine. It also may be proposed that primary vaccination at 35 days old with duck plague vaccine ( LRI, Mohakhlali) @ 0.5 mJ I duckling and booster vaccination after 5 months of primary vaccination @ 1.0 ml could be practiced for better immune response against duck plague.

Keywords: Effect, Dose, Age, Immune response, Duck plague vaccine, Ducks

Location: Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, BAU, Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-10-2002

End Date: 00-03-2003

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Duck

Objectives:

The present research was designed to study the effect of dose and time of vaccination of duck plague vaccine (LRI, Mohakhali) on immune response in ducks.

Methodology:

The study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, BAU, Mymensingh during the period from October 2002 to March 2003. Lyophilized duck plague vaccine produced by the Livestock Research Institute (LRI), Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh was used as conventional duck plague vaccine. The local virulent DPV isolate was obtained from the laboratory repository of the Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, BAU, Mymensingh and was used as challenge virus. A total of 45 ducklings of Jinding breed of 18-day-old and 45 of 35-day-old were purchased from the Government Poultry Farm, Kishoregonj. All the ducklings were reared in a well-ventilated duck house of the Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, BAU, Mymensingh, providing feed and water adlibitum. 18-day-old ducklings were divided into three groups namely A, Band C and 35-day-old ducklings were divided into three groups namely D, E and F where each group contained 15 ducklings. Ducklings of group A, B, D and E were used for vaccination and ducklings of group C and F were kept as unvaccinated control. Each group was kept separately under strict hygienic management. Each duckling of groups A and B was vaccinated with 0.25 ml and 0.5 ml of duck plague vaccine respectively, intramuscularly at IS days of age. Similarly ducklings of group D and E were vaccinated with the vaccine @ 0.5 ml and 1.0 ml per duckling at 35 days of age. Five months after primary vaccination ducks of group D and E were boosted with the duck plague vaccine @ 1.0 ml/ duck. The ducks of group A and B could not be boosted due to the death of all the ducklings of both groups within 20 days of primary vaccination. Each duck of group D, E and F were challenged with 1.0 ml of 10⁴ EID so of virulent DPV two weeks after booster vaccination and was observed for any signs of duck plague up to two weeks. Blood was collected for sera from randomly selected five ducks of each group two weeks after primary and booster vaccination and after challenge infection. The immune response of the vaccine was studied by passive hemagglutination ( PHA) test as per the method described by Zyambo et al. (1973) with some modifications of the method described by Tripathy et al. (1970) and the protection test was performed as per the method described by Reed and Muench (1938). Data obtained were analyzed statistically for differences in the PHA titres using Student's 't'- test according to the standard. procedures as described by Snedecor and Cochran (1980).

Source of Information: Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2004). 2 (2): ll7-ll9

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

From the above findings, it may be proposed that ducklings, below 30 days of age should not be vaccinated with duck plague vaccine (LRI, Mohakhali). It also may be proposed that primary vaccination at 35 days old with duck plague vaccine (LRI, Mohakhali) @ 0.5 ml/ duckling and booster vaccination after 5 months of primary vaccination @ 1.0 ml could be practiced for better immune response against duck plague.

Knowledge Management: Journal