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Epidemiological Study of Udder and Teat Diseases in Dairy Cows

M. A. Uddin
Department of Livestock Services, Dhaka, Bangladesh

M. M. Kamal
Department of Livestock Services, Dhaka, Bangladesh

M. E. Haque
Department of Agricultural Statistics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An epidemiologic study was conducted on 581 dairy cows (indigenous and its crosses 371, exotic crosses 210) of 4 government establishments to find prevalence of udder and teat diseases and their association with udder and teat characteristic, milk yield and milk flow rate in dairy cows. Mastitis (25.5%) was most common disease followed by udder skin diseases (15.0%) and teat diseases (12.6%). Prevalence of injuries and other lesions was higher in the skin of fore left udder quarter (22.7%) and teat (17.7%) and rear left teat end (4.5%). Mastitis was found to be associated with Sahiwal and Sindhi cross cow, poor body condition, bottle shaped teat, teat with round end, injuries and other lesions to the udder and teat skin and teat diseases. Udder skin diseases were strongly associated with indigenous cows, cow aged 5-10 years, small milk vein, larger front udder, and bottle shaped teats and flat end teats. Milk flow rate was higher in Sahiwal and Sindhi cross cows, large milk vein, larger front udder, funnel and cylindrical teats and pointed teat ends. Risk factors of udder and teat diseases, milk yield and milk flow rate in high yielding indigenous and its cross cows were not similar to those of exotic cows and their crosses. The relationship of udder and teat diseases; and udder and teat characteristics varies with the genetic composition of the dairy cows. Therefore, further genomic study needs to confirm association of udder and teat diseases with host characteristics.

Keywords: Epidemiology, Dairy cows, Mastitis, teat

Location: Mymensingh

Start Date: 01-01-2008

End Date: 30-06-2009

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity:

Objectives:

To study association of mastitis with udder and teat skin diseases and indices, and to study association of milk yield and milk flow rate with host characteristics

Methodology:

The study was conducted during January 2008 to June 2009 on 581 dairy cows belonging to four Government establishments viz. Government Cattle Improvement and Dairy Farm, Rajabari, Rajshahi (n=181); Bangladesh Agricultural University Dairy Farm, Mymensingh (n=28); Govt. Central Cattle Breeding Station and Dairy farm, Savar, Dhaka (n=323) and Sylhet Govt. Dairy farm, Tilagar, Sylhet (n=49). Both milch 479 (82%) and dry 102 (18%) cows were included in the study. Of the 581 dairy cows in this observational study most of them were high yielding indigenous cows and their crosses. There were 208 (35.8%) indigenous cows, 163 (28.1%) indigenous cross cows, 101 (17.1%) Sahiwal and Sindhi cows, 45 (7.7%) Jersey and Friesian cross cows and 64 (11.0%) other breeds of cows. The herds were semi-intensively managed under experimental managerial system. Most of the cows were hand milked. High yielding cows were milked twice daily at 6-7 am and 4-5 pm. The data were collected in sketch cards (for ease of farmers) specifically designed for the purpose. The sketch cards were pre-tested prior to their final use. Sample of milk from each teat was collected separately and tested immediately for sub-clinical mastitis using modified Whiteside test (Rahman et al., 1997). Record of clinical mastitis was obtained mostly from patient register of the farms. Cases of clinical mastitis were also diagnosed on the cows individually (Nooruddin et al., 1997). Tick infestation and other udder skin diseases or lesions were diagnosed on the basis of physical finding of the lesions (Radostits et al., 1995) as recorded by close inspection. Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SSPS) program was used in this study. Chi-square test was performed to have an idea about the association of cow, udder and teat characteristics with mastitis, udder skin and teat diseases (Everitt, 1992). Odds Ratio (OR) and adjusted odds ratio were studied for comparing the risk of developing different diseases. Adjusted odds ratio was estimated by Mantel-Haenszel Method (Schlesselman, 1982). Confidence limits for both the odds ratio and adjusted odds ratio were computed by using Woolf’s method (Schlesselman, 1982).

Source of Information: Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2009). 7(2) : 332 – 340

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The author hopes that the findings of this study will be fruitful for scientific community as well for dairy farmers in Bangladesh. The prevalence of udder and teat diseases in dairy cows in Bangladesh is high. The relationship of udder and teat diseases as well as udder and teat characteristics varies with the genetic composition of the dairy cows. Therefore, further genomic study needs to confirm association of udder and teat diseases with host characteristics.

Knowledge Management: Journal