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Apple Pomace Silage Ethanol Intake and Its Effect on Sheep

S Islam
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Salna, Gazipur-1706, Bangladesh

M N Islam
The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka 020-8550, Iwate, Japan

M Matsuzaki
Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki 036-8561, Aomori, Japan

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Two experiments were undertaken to investigate the feeding effect of alcoholic apple pomace silages (APSs) on performance traits, ruminal pH and blood variables in sheep. In experiment 1, four ewes were fed alfalfa hay cube and either APS (ethanol content was 33.4 g /kg DM) or concentrate (control) at a ratio of 30:70 of TDN requirement for maintenance and daily 100g gain in a 2×2 crossover design over two 35-day periods. Total body weight gain was higher in control treatment. No significant treatment effect was observed for TDN intake and ruminal pH. Plasma concentrations of ethanol, lactate and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) were increased after feeding APS. Plasma insulin, glucose, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) were not significantly differ between the treatments. The area upper or under curves (AUCs)of plasma ethanol and BHBA were greater and lactate was tended to greater in APS treatment. In experiment 2, low and high ethanol contained APSs (L-APS, 44.1g and H-APS, 66.9 g of ethanol/kg DM) were compared in the same design (Experiment 1). No significant treatment effect was observed for body weight gain and TDN intake. Pre-feeding ruminal pH was lower in L-APS treatment. Insulin concentration was slightly higher in L-APS treatment. However, no significant treatment effect was detected for other variables. According to the consistent increase in plasma ethanol, lactate and BHBA, and the plasma AUCs response of ethanol, lactate and BHBA after feeding of alcoholic-fermented APSs, it would be concluded that APS ethanol consumption affect the post prandial blood metabolism as well as influenced the plasma lactate and BHBA concentrations in the blood.

Keywords: Apple pomace silage, Hydroxybutyrate, Ethanol, Lactate, Sheep

Location: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Salna, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Sheep

Objectives:

To investigate the feeding effect of different doses alcoholic APSs on performance trait, ruminal pH and blood variables in sheep.

Methodology:

Two experiments were performed using crossover design over two 28-day periods and initial 7 days for dietary adaptation.Four sound and healthy Suffolk shorn ewes, aged 7 months on average, weighing 39±4 kg were used at the beginning of the 1st experiment. After taking a certain period of break to avoid summer heat, using the same 4 ewes, aged 14 months on average, weighing 60.3±3.8 kg used at the beginning of the 2nd experiment. In experiment 1, sheep were allocated to two dietary treatments; alfalfa hay cube and either a commercial concentrate (CP 15.5% and TDN 70%; control) or APS at a ratio of 30:70 on TDN basis. During the first period two sheep were fed on control diet and then fed on APS diet during the second period. The other two ewes received the treatment diets in reverse order. Daily allowance was offered as TDN requirement for maintenance and daily 100g gain (Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 1996) at 10:00 and 18:00 in 2 equal meals. Ewes were weighed on the each week intervals. The required amount was adjusted weekly based on their BW. Ewes were housed in individual stalls. Trace mineralized salt and water were offered access to at all times. The second experiment was conducted to compare the feeding effects of low ethanol containing APS (L-APS) on blood parameters with that of high ethanol containing APS (H-APS) using the same 4 ewes. Two dietary treatments were feeding of alfalfa hay cube and either L-APS or H-APS at a ratio of 30:70 on TDN basis. The experimental design, feeding rate and management system was identical with that in the experiment 1. The 65% AP, 2.5% soybean meal, 17% wheat bran, 13% corn and 2.5% rice straw (as FM basis) were mixed for APS preparation to balance TDN content similar to a commercial concentrate. The L-APS and H-APS were prepared with 70% AP, 6% soybean meal, 12% wheat bran and 12% beet pulp (as FM basis) at an identical ingredient composition which was formulated to have similar nutrient contents to the concentrate. Hemicellulose was calculated as the difference between the NDF and ADF. Non-fibrous carbohydrate (NFC) was calculated by using the equation of NRC (2001): NFC = (100− CP − EE − NDF − Ash). The mean BW (MBW) of each animal was calculated as the average of the initial and end of the BW. Total body weight gain (TBWG) and total TDN intake (TDNI) were calculated for each experimental period. Ethanol intake was calculated from APSs intake and ethanol contents of the APSs. Ruminal fluid samples were obtained from each animal on 28d of each period for both experiments. Rumen fluid was collected pre-feeding (0) and 2 hours after the morning feed using a transesophageal sampler (Toyox.Co.JP). Ruminal fluid pH was measured immediately after collection using a digital pH meter (AS-PRO KR5E). All data were analyzed using the general linear model (GLM) procedure of SAS (2003). Sheep, period and treatment were included in the model. Treatment means were separated using a PDIFF option, protected by overall F-test. Difference was considered statistically significant at p<0.05.

Source of Information: Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2014. Vol.-43, No.-3: 224-231, ISSN 0003-3588

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The AUC of plasma variables for 8 hours sampling window sin experiment 1 are represented. The AUC of plasma ethanol in APS treatment was greater (p<0.05) than the control. The AUC of plasma lactate was tended to grater (p = 0.08) in APS treatment than control. The AUC of plasma BHBA in the APS treatment was also greater (p< 0.05) than the control treatment. No significant differences were observed between the APS and control treatments for the AUCs of plasma insulin, glucose, GOT and GPT. According to the consistent increase in plasma ethanol, lactate and BHBA, and the plasma AUCs response of ethanol, lactate and BHBA after feeding of alcoholic-fermented APSs, it would be concluded that APS ethanol consumption affect the post prandial blood metabolism as well as influenced the plasma lactate and BHBA concentrations in the blood.

Knowledge Management: Journal