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Prevalence of Subclinical Gastro-intestinal Parasitosis and Their Effects on Milk Production with Therapeutic Management in Red Chittagong Cattle

M. M. Rahman
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

M. A. Samad
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The prevalence of sub-clinical gastro-intestinal parasitosis and their effects on health and milk production with therapeutic management were studied in 87 Red Chittagong cattle (RCC) reared at the Bangladesh Agricultural University Dairy Farm (BAUDF), Mymensingh during the period from March to July 2008. Of the 87 RCC aged between 1 to 96 months which included 22 milch cows, 15 pregnant cows, 8 dry cows, 18 weaned calves and 24 unweaned calves. Parasitological examination of faecal samples of all the selected 87 RCC showed that 51.72% (n = 45) animals affected with different types of gastro-intestinal parasites, of which 37.93% had single, 12.64% had dual and only 1.15% animals had triple types of infection. An overall 34.48% paramphistomiasis, 25.29% balantidiasis, 2.30% toxocariasis, 2.30% strongyloidiasis, 1.15% trichuriasis and 1.15% fascioliasis was recorded in RCC. However, toxocariasis (18.75%), strongyloidiasis (18.75%) and trichuriasis (6.25%) were recorded in calves up to 6 months old, and paramphistomiasis (34.48%) and fascioliasis (1.15%) in cattle more than 6 months of age whereas balantidiasis (25.29%) was recorded in all age groups of cattle. The anthelmintic efficacy of the combined commercial preparations with Tetramisole hydrochloride 2.0g and Oxyclozanide 1.4g per bolus (Levanid®, Acme ; Tetranid®, Techno Drugs) @ 1 bolus / 100 kg body weight with a single oral dose caused 100% reduction of faecal egg count at day 7 post-treatment. A single oral dose of 1% copper sulfate solution @ 10 ml / kg and metranidazole (Flagyl®, Aventis) @ 4 mg /kg body weight resulted 100% and 42.85% reduction of Balantidium coli trophozoites, respectively. The average milk production records of RCC affected with gastro-intestinal parasitosis (1.41litre / day / animal) were compared with the mean milk production records at day 7 post-anthelmintic treatment (1.73 liter / day / animal) and results showed an average increased milk yield +0.32 litre / day / animal. This study indicates that RCC affected with sub-clinical gastro-intestinal parasitosis caused ill-health and decrease milk yield like zebu and cross-bred cattle. It may be concluded from this study that the RCC should be regularly monitored through faecal examination for the presence of gastro-intestinal parasites in order to provide rational treatment and control management to make the RCC farming profitable.

Keywords: Sub-clinical, Parasitosis, Red Chittagong cattle, milk production, anthelmintic efficacy

Location: Mymensingh

Start Date: 01-03-2008

End Date: 31-07-2008

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Cattle

Objectives:

This study describes the prevalence of sub-clinical gastro-intestinal parasitosis and their effects on milk production with therapeutic management in RCC maintained under farming system.

Methodology:

This study was carried out for a period of five months, from March to July 2008 at the Bangladesh Agricultural University Dairy Farm (BAUDF), Mymensingh. A total of 87 Red Chittagong cattle (RCC) of either sex (22 lactating cows, 15 pregnant cows, 8 dry cows, 18 weaned calves and 24 unweaned calves), aged between 1 to 96 months reared at the BAUDF under a research project were used as experimental animals for this study. Faecal samples from each of the 87 selected RCC were collected directly from the rectum in polythene bag and brought to the laboratory of the Department of Medicine, BAU, Mymensingh for parasitological examination. These faecal samples were processed and examined in the laboratory by using direct faecal smear and simple sedimentation methods described by Samad (2008). The parasites were identified under the microscope according to their morphological characteristics (Soulsby, 1986; Samad, 2008). Positive faecal samples were further subjected for counting the number of eggs per gram (epg) of faeces for anthelmintic trial study by using the Stoll’s egg counting method as described by Samad (2008).Milk production records of each of the gastro-intestinal negative cows (n = 6) and parasite affected cows (n = 15) were collected before administration of anthelmintics and at day 7 post-treatment to evaluate the effects of parasites and benefit of treatment on milk production.Anthelmintic efficacy was conducted on three groups of animals affected with different types of endoparasites which included paramphistomiasis (n = 30) and balantidiosis (n = 15) in milch cows and nematodiasis (n = 6) in calves under 6 months of age (Table 2). Paraphistomiasis affected animals were divided into two treatment groups, viz. group A (n = 18) treated with Levanid® (Acme) and group B (n = 12) treated with Tetranid® (Techno Drugs). Balantidiosis affected cattle were also divided into two treatment groups, which included group A (n = 11) and group B (n = 4). Each of the animal of group A and group B was treated with a single oral dose of copper sulfate 1% solution @ 10 ml / kg body weight and metranidazole (Flagyl®, Aventis) @ 4 mg/ kg body weight, respectively. Egg per gram (epg) of faeces was counted in each of the experimental animals of both the groups before administration of drugs and at day 7 post-treatment. A group of 6 calves below 6 months of age affected with nematodiasis was treated with a single oral dose of Fenbendazole (Peraclear®, Techno Drugs) @ 7.5 mg/kg body weight

Source of Information: Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2010). 8(1): 11 – 16

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The milk production of apparently healthy RCC (n = 6) reared at the BAUDF ranged from 1.0 to 1.8kg with an average 1.46 litre / animal / day . The average milk production value (1.46 litre / day / cow) of RCC recorded in this study is comparatively low. This finding indicates that the RCC has the milk production potentiality similar to the zebu cattle. The milk production values of gastro-intestinal parasitosis affected RCC (n = 15) at pre-treatment stage ranged from 0.5 to 2.53 litre with an average of 1.41 litre / animal / day . After 7 days of postanthelmintic treatment, the milk production values ranged from 0.8 to 3.23 liter with an average of 1.73 liter / animal / day. It appears from the milk production results that the anthelmintic treatment caused to increase milk yield range from 0.06 to 0.73 with an average of 0.32 litre / animal / day . It also indicates from the Table 3 that the overall 4.79 litre increased milk yield (n = 15) at day 7 post-treatment

Knowledge Management: Journal