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Pathological Investigation of Liver Fluke Infection of Slaughtered Black Bengal Goat in a Selected Area of Bangladesh

S. Talukder
Public Relation & Publication Section, Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet

M. J. Bhuiyan
Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet

M. M. Hossain
Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet

M. M. Uddin
Department of Anatomy and Histology, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chittagong

S. Paul
Department of Medicine and Surgery, 5Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet

M. M. R. Howlader
Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

This study was conducted in Sylhet district of Bangladesh to investigate the pathological effect of liver fluke in Black Bengal goats of different age groups, sex and in seasons. In this study, livers of male and female goats were collected randomly from slaughter house during a period of 1 (one) year (November, 2007 to October, 2008). A total of 325 Black Bengal goat livers were examined, of which 70 livers were found infected with Fasciola gigantica. The common histopathological changes found in this study were the migratory tract with lymphocytic infiltration, atrophy, necrosis and fatty changes in the liver. The study revealed that age of the animal has significant effect on Fascioliasis in goats. Significantly (P<0.01) highest infection rate was found in 2-2.5 years old animals (50%). The sex of the animal was also found as important determinants for Fascioliasis. In this study out of 219 male goat livers 30 (13.70%) were infected with Fasciola. On the other hand, out of 106 female goat livers, 40 (37.73%) were found positive with Fascioliasis. The data of origin of animals also collected which was not statistically significant

Keywords: Pathology, liver fluke, Black Bengal Goat

Location: Sylhet and Chittagong

Start Date: 01-11-2007

End Date: 31-10-2008

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Goat

Objectives:

To be designed to reduce the impact of the disease on goat production in Bangladesh.

Methodology:

The study was carried out in the Laboratory under the Department of Pathology & Parasitology, Sylhet Agricultural University (SAU) and Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU) from November 2007 to October 2008. Data were collected from 86 butchers in Sylhet metropolitan area. After collection of the liver samples of goats, they were examined in the Laboratory. In this study, livers of both sexes of Black Bengal goat of different age groups slaughtered at different slaughterhouses under Sylhet City Corporation were collected randomly. The goats were purchased by the butchers from different areas of Sylhet division where they were reared under the rural husbandry practices. The age of animals was determined by dentition. A total 325 livers were collected and examined in the laboratory for confirmation of Fascioliasis. At first the liver was examined for gross lesions of liver fluke infection following the procedure of Ross (1965) and those showing evidence of the infection were marked.In the laboratory the livers and gall bladders were subjected to thorough investigation for the collection of parasites as well as for pathological studies. The gross pathological changes were recorded carefully. The bile ducts were opened first for chronic Fascioliasis. For generalized liver fluke infection (Fascioliasis) incision was given in different parts of the liver to examine the presence of fluke in the parenchyma. The liver was cut into slices of 4-5 mm. thickness using a sharp knife and pressed to squeeze out flukes from its tissue and smaller bile ducts. Normal saline were used for quick removal of flukes from the liver tissue.The histopathology was carried out in the pathology laboratory of Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU). The fixed liver tissue of animals having Fasciola gigantica infection was processed, sectioned and stained according to the method of Arora and Iyer (1973) for histopathological studies. Pieces of diseased liver tissue about one cubic cm. in size were fixed in 10 percent buggered neutral formalin. The well fixed tissues were transferred to running water and after proper washing they were dehydrated through a series of ascending grades of alcohol, cleared in two changes of chloroform and finally, embedded in hard paraffin (580c). Sections were cut at 5 to 6 microns by using a rotary microtome. All the sections were stained routinely with Harris’s Haematoxilin and Eosin for detailed histopathological examinations.Variations in the prevalence of Fascioliasis among the male and female Black Bengal goats, the different age groups, seasonal incidence and immature and mature fluke prevalence were analyzed by logistic regression using statistical software STATA (Version 8.0) and Microsoft Excel 2007. Categorizes were as per season, sex and age. Values of p<0.05 were considered as significant at 95% confidence interval. The relationship of different variables with the infection was observed by this regression analysis

Source of Information: Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2010). 8(1): 35 – 40

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The climatic condition of Bangladesh is favorable to the ecological conditions suitable for parasites of which helminthes parasites are predominant. Various liver diseases affect the structural and functional integrity of the organ and render it partly or wholly unfit for human consumption causing considerable losses. Diseases of the liver of goats and the loss from the condemnation of liver in Bangladesh have been studied. This loss can be minimized by identification of the diseases and undertaking preventive and therapeutic measures. In the present study, 325 livers were examined of which 70 (21.54%) were found to be affected with liver fluke (Fasciola gigantica). Of these 70 Fasciola affected livers, 40 (57.14%) belonged to female and 30 (42.86%) to male goats. Gross and histopathological changes of each of the recorded disease conditions are described and discussed. The common histopathological changes were migratory tract with lymphocytic infiltration. After review of the results obtained from this investigation the following conclusions may be drawn: 1. Livers of Black Bengal goats are mostly affected with parasitic disease like Fascioliasis. 2. Fascioliasis (Fasciola gigantica) is greatly responsible for hepatic damage and demands immediate attention for taking control and eradication measures. 3. Livers of female goats were found to be more prone to diseases than those of male goats. 4. Probably Fascioliasis (Fasciola gigantica) is the major cause of reduction of meat production of Black Bengal goats. 5. The prevalence of Fascioliasis (Fasciola gigantica) is higher in older animals. 6. The results of this study do not represent the total goat population in Sylhet region. So, further study could be undertaken on the basis of geographical location.

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