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Epidemiology and Pathology of Ectoparasitic Infestations in Black Bengal Goats in Gaibandha and Mymensingh Districts of Bangladesh

M. Sarkar
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

S. A. Rahman
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

B. K. Sarker
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Anisuzzaman
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

N. Begum
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

M. M. H. Mondal
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Epidemiology and pathology of ectoparasitic infestations in Black Bengal goats were studied in different areas of Mymensingh and Gaibandha districts, Bangladesh from December, 2006 to November, 2007. A total of 125 Black Bengal goats were examined. Among them 91 (72.8%) were infested with one or more species of ectoparasites. Six species of ectoparasites were identified, of which four species were arachnids, namely Heamaphysalis bispinosa (34.4%), Boophilus microplus (27.2%), Rhipicephalus sanguineus (7.2%), and Psoroptes cuniculi (5.6%) and two species belonged to the class Insecta namely Damalinia caprae (20.8%) and Linognathus stenopsis (18.4%). Overall mean parasitic burden was 2.36±1.49 per square inch of affected area. The highest parasitic burden was recorded in case of L. stenopsis (3.93±2.219), followed by D. caprae (3.00±2.424), H. bispinosa (2.32±1.278), P. cuniculi (2.00±1.414), B. microplus (1.59±1.098), and R. sanguinus (1.33±0.516). Significantly (p<0.01) higher prevalence of ectoparasites was recorded in the rainy season (90%), followed by winter (82.61%), and summer (53.06%). The ectoparasitic infestation was higher in case of kids (82%) and older goats (79.55%) than that of young (51.61%) goats. The female goats (77.63%) were more susceptible than male (65.31%) to ectoparasitic infestation. The prevalence of ectoparasites was higher in Mymensingh (87.5%) than that of Gaibandha region (57.38%). In the present study, pathological lesions produced by ectoparasites were also studied. In P. cuniculi infestation, alopecia, rough, dry and leathery skin was found. Microscopically, it was characterized by hyperkeratinization, ulceration, acanthosis and eosinophilic infiltration. In tick infestation, rough, reddened skin and loss of hair were observed. In lice infestation, the skin was red and slightly elevated. The ectoparasites produced pathological lesions on the skin which reduces the value and quality of skin

Keywords: Epidemiology, Pathology, Ectoparasitic infestation, Black bengal goat

Location: Mymensingh and Gaibandha

Start Date: 01-12-2006

End Date: 30-11-2007

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Goat

Objectives:

To study the overall prevalence of ectoparasites and the effect of age, sex, seasons and geographic variations on ectoparasitism in Black Bengal goats along with the gross and histopathological changes produced by ectoparasitic infestations in Black Bengal goats

Methodology:

One hundred and twenty five (125) goats were selected randomly from different areas of Gaibandha and Mymensingh districts, Bangladesh during the period of December 2006 to November 2007. Their ages ranged from 15 days to 3.5 years.For the collection of ectoparasites and detection of clinical manifestations (dandruff, thickening of skin, abnormal pigmentation, desquamation, ulceration and alopecia) relevant to ectoparasitic infestation, the selected goats were thoroughly investigated by close inspection, digital palpation and parting the hairs. Ectoparasites were counted in per square inches of areas. Ticks and lice were collected from different parts of the body of the goats by hand picking and by using tools. When required, small camel hair brush dipped in ethanol was used for the collection of ticks and fine black comb was used for the collection of lice. The point of attachment was smeared with ethanol. Adequate precautions were taken to preserve the mouth parts and appendages of the ectoparasites during collection. To collect mites, skin scrapings from the affected areas were collected and the skin scrapings were examined by adding 10% potassium hydroxide (Hendrix and Robinson, 2006). Ticks and lice were preserved in 70% alcohol in clean, well-stopper glass vials. Permanent slides were prepared by following the procedures described by Cable (1957). Ectoparasites were identified according to the keys and descriptions given by Ferris (1951), Roberts (1952), Hoogstraal (1956) and Soulsby (1982).The goats were examined carefully to detect gross pathological changes, if any. Biopsy materials of the skin were collected from the affected part and fixed in 10% buffered neutral formalin solution for histopathological studies. The well-fixed tissues were processed and stained following the procedure of Luna (1968).Statistical analyses were carried out by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). To determine the susceptibility of different groups of goats to ectoparasitic infestation, odds ratio was calculated according to the formula given by Sclesselman 1982.

Source of Information: Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2010). 8(1): 41 – 50

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

In this study, prevalence of ectoparasites was slightly higher in females, (77.63%) than males, (65.31%) resulted in 1.84 times more susceptibility of female to ectoparasitic infestations than males. In male goats, prevalence was higher in case of D. caprae (30.61%), followed by L. stenopsis (24.49 %). In female goats, prevalence was higher in case of H. bispinosa (42.11%) followed by B. microplus (34.21%) Prevalence of ectoparasites was the highest in rainy season (90%) followed by winter (82.61%) and summer (53.06%) seasons. In this study, it was also revealed that goats were 7.96 times more susceptible to ectoparasitic infestations in the rainy season than that of summer season. But in winter season, goats were 4.20 times more vulnerable to ectoparasitic infestations than summer season. On the other hand, in the rainy season goats were 1.89 times more prone to ectoparasitic infestations than in winter season. In Mymensingh district 87.5% goats were infested with ectoparasites whereas in Gaibandha district the infestation was 57.38%. Goats reared in Mymensingh region were 5.2 times more vulnerable to ectoparasitic infestation than Gaibandha region. Surprisingly, no louse was detected in the goats of Mymensingh district and no tick was detected in the goats of Gaibandha district

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