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Crop Residue and Weed Management of Permanent Raised Beds in Rice-wheat Systems for the Year 2012-13

Shila Pramanik
Senior Scientific Officer
Rice Farming Systems Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh

MK Quais
Senior Scientific Officer
Rice Farming Systems Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh

Hasina Sultana
Scientific Officer
Rice Farming Systems Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

In Wheat-Mungbean-DS Aman pattern, significantly higher yields of wheat (2.25-3.38 t/ha), mungbean (0.77-0.89 t/ha) and rice (3.30-3.84 t/ha) were produced by permanent bed with 100 % crop residue retention over the five years period from 2009 to 2013 followed by permanent bed with 50% crop residue retention than the conventional method. However, without crop residue on permanent and semi-permanent beds, grain yields of wheat and rice were statistically similar from 2009-13.

Keywords: Permanent bed, Crop residue retention, Weed management, Wheat, rice, Mungbean

Location: BRRI experimental farm, Gazipur

Start Date: 01-07-2007

End Date: 30-06-2014

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Manures, Weed management

Objectives:

To compare the effect of crop residue retention and herbicide use for weed control on the productivity of permanent beds
To compare the agro-economic productivity and resource use efficiency of permanent bed system and conventional method.

Methodology:

The experiment was a long-term experiment and conducted for six years from 2007 to 2013 during Rabi, Kharif-1 and Kharif-2 seasons at BRRI experimental farm, Gazipur. Five crop establishment options viz., T₁-permanent bed with 100% crop residue retention; T₂-permanent bed with 50% crop residue retention; T3- permanent bed without crop residue retention; T₄-semi permanent bed (new bed with conventional tillage in every wheat season) and T₅-conventional (flat), and two weed control methods viz., (W₁) Nonelective herbicide + Selective herbicide + 1hand weeding and (W₂) Nonelective herbicide + 2 hand weeding for wheat and rice and (W₁) Nonselective herbicide + 1 hand weeding and (W₂) 1 hand weeding for mungbean were evaluated in RCB design with three replications in Wheat-Mungbean-DS Aman rice cropping pattern. For the treatments with bed, 70 cm (40 cm top and 30 cm furrow) wide beds with 15 cm height were made. For the treatments with herbicide, non-selective herbicide Gramoxan was used in transition period between mungbean and rice and the transition period between wheat and mungbean. Moreover, selective herbicide Megafuran 10wp was used in wheat and rice. In Rabi season, wheat was sown within first to third week of November and harvested on first to second week of March. Again mungbean was sown on second to third week of March after wheat harvest and harvested up to third week of May and after mungbean DS rice (BRRI dhan33) was sown in third week of June to first week of July and harvested in first to last week of October and was followed by wheat. Recommended management practices were followed for wheat, mungbean and rice cultivation. The yield of each crop was converted to rice equivalent yield (REY) for comparing the system productivity. Utilization of resources like labor and inputs was recorded for calculating the variable cost and market price of the output at maturity was collected for determining the economic return.

Source of Information: Proceedings of the BRRI Annual Internal Review 2013-14

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Grain yield and REY were significantly affected over the period with crop residue management in permanent bed. In Wheat-Mungbean-DS Aman pattern, significantly higher yields of wheat, mungbean and rice were produced by permanent bed with 100% crop residue retention over the five years period from 2009 to 2013 followed by permanent bed with 50% crop residue retention than the conventional method. However, without crop residue on permanent and semi-permanent beds, grain yields of wheat and rice were statistically similar from 2009-13. Herbicide (Nonselective + selective) + 1 hand weeding practices produced higher yield than herbicide (nonselective herbicide) + 2 hand weeding practices. REY was significantly higher in conventional practice than bed practices in 2007-08. However, in the following years the REY increased in bed method than conventional practice over the five years period from 2009 to 2013. Gross margin in permanent beds with 100% crop residue was higher than conventional method. Irrigation water saved in raised bed over flat method in wheat (11%), mungbean (14%) and rice (24%), respectively. Moreover, seed and fertilizers were saved in raised bed over flat 25% and 20% respectively. Thus crop residue management in permanent bed appeared to be promising for yield advantage and cost-effectiveness.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings