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Clinical and Laboratory Diagnoses of Newcastle and Infectious Bursal Diseases of Chickens

A. K. M. Rakibul Hasan
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

M. H. Ali
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

M. P. Siddique
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

M. M. Rahman
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

M. A. Islam
School of Sustainable Agriculture, University Malaysia Sabah, 88999, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A comparative study was conducted to compare the disease diagnostic parameters (clinical signs & postmortem findings, organism isolation, serological test and molecular method) used to diagnose the Newcastle disease (ND) and infectious bursal disease (IBD) during the period from March 2009 to February 2010 in the laboratory of the Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh. A total of 187 sick and dead chickens (63 broilers and 124 layers) of different ages (1 week to >15 weeks) were collected from 12 selective poultry farms (4 broilers and 8 layers) of Mymensingh and Gazipur districts. Clinically, 7 (14.89%) of 63 affected broiler and 27 (30.68%) of 124 affected layer chickens were diagnosed as Newcastle disease (ND) whereas, 11 (23.4%) of 63 affected broiler and 6 (4.82%) of the 124 affected layer birds were diagnosed as IBD on the basis of clinical history, clinical signs and postmortem findings. Virus isolation from field samples was performed by inoculating each suspected sample into 10-day-old chicken embryos. Out of 34 ND suspected field samples, 26 (5 broilers and 21 layers) were positive for NDV isolation and 11 (8 broilers and 3 layers) of 17 IBD suspected field samples, were positive for IBDV isolation. For confirmatory diagnosis, virus detection was confirmed by serological tests (HI and AGID) and RT-PCR assay. Out of 34 clinically diagnosed ND field samples, 20 (5 broiler & 15 layer) were positive by RT-PCR assay and 15 (10 broiler & 5 layer) of 17 IBD suspected field samples, were positive by both AGIDT and RT-PCR assay. Of the 26 HA positive NDV suspected AF, 19 (4 broilers and 15 layers) were positive by both HI & RT-PCR assay whereas, 10 (7 broilers and 3 layers) of 11 IBDV isolation positive tissue suspension were positive by both AGIDT & RT-PCR assay in the laboratory. Therefore, it may be concluded that serological (HI & AGIDT) and molecular (RT-PCR) techniques which allow rapid identification of most of samples are the reliable, sensitive, specific and more accurate methods to detect the viruses for the confirmatory diagnosis of diseases

Keywords: Clinical diagnosis, NDV, IBDV, HI, AGIDT, RT-PCR assay

Location: Mymensingh

Start Date: 01-03-2009

End Date: 28-02-2010

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Chicken

Objectives:

The present study was undertaken to find out a relationship among the disease diagnostic parameters, i.e; clinical signs and postmortem lesions, organism isolation, serological tests and molecular methods for the diagnosis of Newcastle and infectious bursal diseases.

Methodology:

A comparative study between the clinical and laboratory diagnoses of Newcastle and infectious bursal diseases of poultry of Mymensingh and Gazipur districts was conducted during the period from March 2009 to February 2010 in the laboratory of the Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh-2202. A total of 187 (63 broiler and 124 layer) sick and dead chickens aged between 1 to >15 weeks were collected from 12 (4 broiler and 8 layer) farms, which were subjected for postmortem examination and collection of different tissue samples (trachea, lung, spleen, soft palate, colon, bursa and brain) for successful isolation and identification of viruses.Clinical diagnosis was made on the basis of clinical history from the responsible persons of the farms, recorded clinical signs and gross lesions of affected chickens. Velogenic strain of NDV and virulent strain of IBDV of the serotype 1 was used as reference viruses obtained from the Dept. of Microbiology and Hygiene, BAU, Mymensingh. To confirm the target gene, 3 μl of PCR product with 1μl of 6X gel loading dye was electrophoresed (Gel Mate 2000, Toyobo, Japan) on 2% agarose gel containing ethidium bromide (1 % solution @ 5 μl/100 ml) at constant 90V for 40-50 minutes in 0.5X TBE buffer. A 5μl DNA size marker was loaded in one well. The amplified product was visualized under UV light and documented by gel documentation system.

Source of Information: Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2010). 8(2): 131 – 140

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Therefore, it may be concluded that serological (HI & AGIDT) and molecular (RT-PCR) techniques which allow rapid identification of most of samples are the reliable, sensitive, specific and more accurate methods to detect the viruses for the confirmatory diagnosis of diseases.

Knowledge Management: Journal