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Pathological Investigation of Peste Des Petits Ruminants (ppr) in Goats

M. R. Khan
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

M.G. Haider
Livestock Research Institute, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh

M.G. Hossain
Department of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh,

S.M. Z. H. Chowdhury
BLRI, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh

M. M. Hossain
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

In pathological investigation of peste des petits ruminants (PPR), a total of II Black Bengal goats of both sexes about 6-12 months old were included. Six goats out of II were suspected to be of natural .infection with PPR and 5 goats used for experimentation. Four experimental goats out of 5 were inoculated with PPR virus isolated from natural outbreak and one was used as uninoculated control. The diagnosis of PPR virus infection both in natural outbreak and experimental cases were based on clinical signs, gross pathology, histopathology and ELISA test for confirmation of the PPR virus. Clinical signs included anorexia, depression, fever (I06 ± I 0P), oculonasal discharges, diarrhoea with soiled hind quarter, sunken eyes, coughing, respiratory distress and prostration and/or death in natural cases. In experimental infection the goats showed the 5 phases of PPR virus infection cycle which included. varying incubation period, prodroroal phase, pneumonic phase, diarrhoeic phase and prostration and/or death. Average duration of incubation period was 4 days, prodroroal phase 3 days, the pneumonic phase and diarrhoeic phase started at day 5 and 7 of inoculation, respectively and continued till death. Necropsy of both natural and experimental goats revealed stomatitis, congested and/or consolidated pneumonic lungs, generalized enlargement of lymphnodes accompanied with necrosis and congestion of some Jymphnodes, atrophied congested spleen and haemorrhagic gastroenteritis. Congestion of the urinary bladder, uterus and vagina in experimental goats and intestinal intussusception in dead goats of natural infection were also found. Histopathological study of both natural and experimental cases revealed congestion and edema of lungs in some cases but in other cases there were network of fibrin infiltrated with neutrophils, formation of syncytia, gaint cell and presence of pink color bacterial colony. There was infiltration of neutrophils and mononuclear cells within the alveoli, bronchioles, alveolar wall and interstitium of lungs. Lymphoid organs showed necrosis and depletion of lymphoid cell; congestion, mononuclear and neutrophilic infiltration in the lamina propria and submucosa of the abomasum, intestine, uterus and urinary bladder; loss of intestinal villi; congestion of cortical blood vessels and glomeruli of kidneys were recorded. Samples of both natural and experimental cases were confirmed as PPR by ELISA test. In this investigation, it was observed that clinical signs, gross and microscopic findings were more severe in experimental PPR infected cases than that of natural cases.

Keywords: Black Bengal goats, PPR, Pathology, ELISA

Location: BAU, Mymensingh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Goat

Objectives:

To determine the pathogenesis and pathology of PPR in Bangladesh.

Methodology:

Goat: A total of 11 Black Bengal goats of both sexes about 6-12 months old were used in the present investigation. Six goats out of II were suspected to be of natural infection with PPR. Attempts were taken to isolate PPR virus from natural suspected outbreak. Thereafter, 5 goats were used for experimentation with suspected PPR virus from natural cases. History and clinical signs of suspected natural PPR infection in goats An outbreak of a disease occurred in a goat farm of Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) campus. Six goats (3 dead and 3 moribund) were submitted to the Department of Pathology, BAU, Mymensingh for diagnosis of the disease in June 2004. After recording the history and clinical signs, the goats were necropsied and tentatively the disease was diagnosed as PPR. Gross pathology and collection of samples: The lesions to different organs and tissues were recorded and then a representative tissue samples were collected from each goats. Virological samples and processing for ELISA Test: For virological examination lymphnodes, a part of lungs and spleen were collected aseptically in separate sterile plastic tube and were preserved at -200c until processed. Each of the virological specimens was processed separately to mak:e a 20% suspension with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and supernatant was collected. A part of each supernatant was used for virus detection by ELISA test and other part was preserved at -800c. Enzyme Linked lmmunosorbent Assay (ELISA): The ELISA test was performed using a PPR detection ELISA kit (BDSL, Flow lab., Led. & the Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright, UK) as per instruction of manufacturer in Virology Laboratory, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh. A total of 22 samples from II goats were tested. The results of OD (Optical Density) values were analyzed as per instruction of manufacturer. Histopathology: For histopathology, a part of lungs, liver, spleen, lymphnodes, abomasum, intestine, kidneys, urinary bladder and uterus were collected in 10% neutral buffered formalin and allowed to be fixed. These formalin fixed tissues were processed, sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) for histopathological study according to Luna (1968). Infection to experimental goats The experimental goats were divided into two groups. Four goats were inoculated intramuscularly with lung tissue supernatant @ lml/ goat after treating the supernatant with antibiotic and antimycotic (Ismail and House, 1991) and one goat kept as uninoculated control. After developed of clinical signs, all the goats were necropsied. The gross lesions of different organs and tissues were recorded and representative samples were collected for both virus re-confirmation by ELISA and histopathology. Samples were also collected from uninoculated control goat by sacrificing it. The ELISA test and histopathology of samples of experimental goats were performed as described above.

Source of Information: Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2005). 3 (2): 134-138

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Histopathological study of both natural and experimental cases revealed congestion and edema of lungs in some cases but in other cases there were network of fibrin infiltrated with neutrophils, formation of syncytia, gaint cell and presence of pink color bacterial colony. There was infiltration of neutrophils and mononuclear cells within the alveoli, bronchioles, alveolar wall and interstitium of lungs. Lymphoid organs showed necrosis and depletion of lymphoid cell; congestion, mononuclear and neutrophilic infiltration in the lamina propria and submucosa of the abomasum, intestine, uterus and urinary bladder; loss of intestinal villi; congestion of cortical blood vessels and glomeruli of kidneys were recorded. Samples of both natural and experimental cases were confirmed as PPR by ELISA test. In this investigation, it was observed that clinical signs, gross and microscopic findings were more severe in experimental PPR infected cases than that of natural cases.

Knowledge Management: Journal