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Mortality and Disease Status in Hy-line and Isa-brown Strains of Layer Chickens Reared in Cage System in Bangladesh

M. Z. Uddin
Department of Medicine,Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

M. A. Samad
Department of Medicine,Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

S. M. L. Kabir
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene,Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Mortality and disease status in Hy-Line (n= 3450) and ISA-Brown (n = 250) strains of layer chickens were carried out in three commercial layer farms in the district of Mymensingh from day-old to 65 weeks age of birds from September 2003 to December 2004. The management including housing, hygienic measures, vaccination practices, diseases occurred and mortality were observed and recorded daily. Diseases and disorders were diagnosed based on the disease history, clinical signs, characteristics necropsy lesions, morbidity and mortality rates, and laboratory investigations including bacteriological and parasitological examinations. The morbidity and mortality of chickens caused by different diseases and disorders were statistically analyzed on the basis of farms, strains of birds, age and seasons. An overall 32.38% (n = 1198) morbidity and 21.30% (n = 788) mortality was recorded among 3700 chickens. Etiological analysis showed that the highest mortality caused by bacterial diseases (7.08%), followed by viral diseases (5.81%), fungal diseases (2.18%), mycoplasmosis (1.89%), parasitic diseases (1.83%) and nutritional and other disorders (2.48%). Specific diseases and disorders caused mortality in chickens included Salmonellosis (3.14%), Colibacillosis (2.51%), Fowl cholera (0.46%), Infectious coryza (0.41%), Necrotic enteritis (0.59%), Infectious bursal disease (2.19%), Newcastle disease (1.76%), Avian leukosis (0.73%), Fowl pox ( 0.51%), Marek’s disease (0.62%), Aspergillosis (1.54%), Aflatoxicosis (0.65%), Mycoplasmosis ( 1.89%), Ascaridiasis (0.22%), Tapeworm infection (0.16%), Coccidiosis (1.32%), Ectoparasitosis (0.14%), Nutritional deficiency (0.68%), Ascites, Hydropericardium hepatitis syndrome (0.49%), Cannibalism (0.27%), Egg peritonitis (0.22%), Egg bound disorder (0.43%) and Heat stroke and cold (0.41%). Diseases caused highest mortality during laying period (8.43%), followed by growing (6.32%), pullet stage (4.65%) and brooding (3.78%) ages. Both the morbidity and mortality rates in ISA-Brown strain (62.60% and 37.20%) were found significantly (p < 0.01) higher in comparison to Hy-Line (30.17% and 20.14%) strain of chickens. Seasonal influences on mortality in layer type chickens showed significantly (p < 0.01) highest mortality during summer (8.57%), followed by winter (6.51%) and rainy (6.22%) months. It may be concluded that the infectious diseases even with vaccination associated with high morbidity and mortality in commercial egg type chickens in Bangladesh.

Keywords: Morbidity, Mortality, Chickens, Necropsy, Bacteriology

Location: Mymensingh

Start Date: 01-09-2003

End Date: 31-12-2004

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Chicken

Objectives:

This paper describes the current status of diseases and disorders with their causes associated with morbidity and mortality in Hy-Line and ISA-Brown strains of layer chickens at various stages of life reared in cage system in Bangladesh

Methodology:

This study was conducted on 3700 layer type chickens from day-old to 65 weeks of age at the three different commercial layer farms in the district of Mymensingh during the period from September 2003 to December 2004. These include Al-Arafa Poultry Complex, Suitiakhali; Master Poultry Farm, Sutiakhali and Noor Ali’s Farm, Bhabkhali, and the layer birds of all the three farms reared in cage system. The main aims to investigate the morbidity and mortality associated with diseases and disorders with their causes in layer chickens reared in cage system. Samples were collected by the sterilized cotton swabs from heart, liver, infected ova, infundibulum, peritoneal fluid, intestine and respiratory tract of the layer chickens (moribund and/or dead) suspected for salmonellosis and colibacillosis at necropsy and were kept into the test tube containing nutrient broth. These test tubes were then transported via thermo-flask containing ice to the bacteriological laboratory. The swab containing test tubes with nutrient broth were incubated for growth of the causative organisms at 37 °C for overnight. For primary cultures the broth samples were inoculated separately in nutrient agar (NA) and incubated at 37 °C for overnight. The colonies on the primary cultures were repeatedly sub-cultured in enriched and selective media by streak plate method until the pure culture with homogenous colonies was obtained. Blood agar (BA), Eosin-Methylene blue (EMB) agar, MacConkey agar (MA) and Salmonella-Shigella (SS) agar (HiMedia Laboratories Ltd., Mumbai, India) were used in the repetitive sub-cultures for isolation and identification of the causative agents as described by Cheesbrough (1985). The isolated colonies of bacteria were stained with Gram’s stain to study the morphological and staining characteristics of bacteria as described by Parker and Collier (1990). For the cultural characteristics, discrete colonies on the agar surface were observed. Their shape, size, consistency and color were observed carefully. Carbohydrate fermentation tests using five basic sugars namely dextrose, sucrose, maltose, lactose and mannitol were performed for further diagnostic confirmation of the isolated bacteria in pure culture as per method described by Cheesbrough (1985). After incubation for 24 hours at 37 °C of the test tubes containing different sugars and test organisms, the fermentation was indicated by the change of phenol red to yellow color with the production of acid and/ or gas.Results were analyzed statistically by using Chi-square test for significance in the mortality pattern of various diseases in layer birds in respect to age and seasons

Source of Information: Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2011). 9(1): 1 – 16

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Etiological analysis of the recorded diseases and disorders showed highest mortality rate with bacterial diseases (7.08%), followed by viral diseases (5.81%), fungal diseases (2.19%), mycoplasmosis (1.89%), parasitic diseases (1.84%) and nutritional disorders and others (2.49%). These differences might be due to differences of the experimental design. The present study was designed to detect the population mortality. The age-wise analysis on the overall mortality in chickens showed significantly (p < 0.01) highest mortality in adult layers (8.43%), followed by grower (6.32%), pullets (4.65%) and lowest in brooding chicks (3.78%). However, these variations might be due to variation of geo-climatic conditions, management status, litter or cage system of rearing, biosecurity status, immunization status, social awareness and moreover techniques used for the diagnosis and analysis of the data

Knowledge Management: Journal