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Serological Survey of Salmonella Infection in Non-vaccinated Commercial Layer Birds in Khulna District of Bangladesh

M. A. Jalil
District Livestock Office, Khulna

M. T. Islam
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A cross sectional study was conducted on 164120 non-vaccinated layer birds of 96 farms in six upazilas (Sadar, Batiaghata, Dumuria, Dighulia, Rupsha and Fultala) of Khulna district to determine the seroprevalence of Salmonella infection (S. pullorum and S. gallinarum) during the period from August 2009 to July 2010. Sera samples were collected from 1268 layer birds of different ages and the birds were selected through a disproportionate stratified random sampling technique based on the flock size of each farm. Sera samples were tested by Serum plate agglutination (SPA) test applying commercial Salmonella antigen (Nobilis® SA, Intervet International B.V. Boxmeer- Holland) to detect the presence of antibodies against Salmonella. The overall seroprevalence of Salmonella infection was recorded as 65.9%. The significantly higher seroprevalence (76.6%) of Salmonella infection was recorded in layer birds of >56 weeks of age than those of other age groups. Seasons had significant influence on the seroprevalence of Salmonella infection. The seroprevalence was significantly higher in summer (82%) than that in rainy (66.8%) and winter (50%) seasons. The location of farms, i.e. upazilas also had significant association with the occurrence of Salmonella infection. The seroprevalence significantly differed between the different categories of flock size. The flock size of 5001 and above had the highest seroprevalence (81.4%) among other categories. It may be concluded that above 60% layer birds in 92 out of 96 farms are infected with Salmonella organism, which requires keeping of vigilant eye of the poultry farmers and the hatchery owners in the control of Salmonella infection in poultry farms.

Keywords: Seroprevalence, Salmonella infection, serum plate agglutination (SPA), layer birds

Location: Khulna

Start Date: 01-08-2009

End Date: 31-07-2010

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Poultry

Objectives:

The objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of Salmonella infection (S. pullorum and S. gallinarum) in non-vaccinated layer birds in Khulna district.

Methodology:

A cross sectional study was conducted on 164120 commercial layer birds of 96 farms in six upazilas (Sadar, Batiaghata, Dumuria, Dighulia, Rupsha and Fultala) of Khulna district during the period from August 2009 to July 2010. A total of 1268 layer birds of different ages were selected through a disproportionate stratified random sampling technique based on the flock size of each farm. Blood samples without any anticoagulant were collected aseptically from wing vein of the selected birds and sera were separated and stored at -20⁰C until used. Salmonella antigen (Nobilis® SP, Intervet International) was used for rapid plate agglutination (RPA) test to detect antibodies due to infections caused by both standard and variant strains of Salmonella pullorum and Salmonella gallinarum in the sera samples. The RPA test was conducted according to the manufacturer’s instruction. Briefly, 0.02 ml of antigen and 0.02 ml of chicken serum were placed side by side with micropipettes on a glass plate. After that antigen and serum sample were mixed thoroughly by stirring with a small tooth pick. Then the glass plate was illuminated from below so as to facilitate observing the reaction, avoiding excessive heat from the light source. Positive reaction was characterized by the formation of definite clumps within 2 minutes after mixing the test serum with antigen.
The clumps usually started appearing and became concentrated at the periphery of the mixture. Negative reaction was judged by the absence of agglutination reaction. Care was taken so that no natural granulation of the antigen could be taken as a positive reaction. Statistical analysis In order to study the temporal distribution of the disease, the year was divided into four quarters viz. July-September (A), October-December (B), January- March (C) and April-June (D). Quarters B and C comprised of the winter season; D, the summer season and A, the rainy season. The data so collected were analyzed
statistically using Z test for proportions to draw the inferences (Beri, 2005).

Source of Information: Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2011). 9 (1) : 27–31

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It may be concluded that above 60% layer birds in 92 out of 96 farms are infected with Salmonella organism, which requires keeping of vigilant eye of the poultry farmers and the hatchery owners in the control of Salmonella infection in poultry farms

Knowledge Management: Journal