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Detection of Avian Influenza Viral Antigen in Ducks of Haor Areas of Netrakona District Using Rapid Test Kits

R. R. Sarker
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

M. S. Rahman
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

M. J. Uddin
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

M. A. H. N. A. Khan
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The study was carried out to detect the presence of Avian Influenza (AI) viral antigen using rapid antigen detection kit from free ranged ducks in haor areas of Bangladesh. The cloacal swabs were collected randomly from 20 duck farms of two Upazilas of Netrakona district and a total of 65 field samples were tested in this study. The overall proportion of avian influenza H₅ antigen positive reactivity was 6.2% in Netrakona district. The proportion of avian influenza H₅ antigen positive reactivity was 6.7% in Netrakona Sadar. Beside in Atpara Upazila, the proportion of avian influenza H₅ antigen positive reactivity was 5.7%. In this study, there was no significant (p>0.05) relationship between the presence of AIV in domestic ducks in two Upazilas. This is the first report that successfully detect avian influenza virus antigen in ducks of Bangladesh using rapid test kits. The duck in the haor area could act as a source of AI viruses towards infecting domestic chickens and other free living birds of Bangladesh.

Keywords: Avian Influenza virus, rapid antigen detection kit, ducks

Location: Netrakona

Start Date: 01-06-2011

End Date: 31-12-2011

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Duck

Objectives:

To identify Type A Avian influenza virus (H5 antigen) using rapid test kit and to know the occurance of AIVs in the ducks of haor areas of netrakona district.

Methodology:

A total of 65 cloacal swab samples from 20 duck farms of Netrakona sadar and Atpara Upazilas, Netrakona, Bangladesh were collected during the period from June to December 2011. Among the 65 cloacal swab samples 30 were collected from Netrakona sadar and 35 from Atpara Upazila. Samples were collected randomly from each duck farm without distinction between healthy and sick ducks. The test was performed with the help of AIV H₅ Ag test kit as per the instruction of the manufacturer (RapiGEN Incoorporation, South Korea). After collection of samples, the stick (cloacal swab) was inserted into the buffer bottle and the top portion was securely dissolved onto the base. Then the stick was snapped to make the length suitable to bottle. The cap of bottle was screwed and agitated for 10 seconds by shaking vigorously to ensure good sample extraction. The entire reagent was turned into room temperature before running the assay. The test device was removed from its sealed pouch by tearing the notch. The top of the bottles were snapped. 4-5 drops of sample were dispensed into the sample well by squeezing the bottle. Results of the test were obtained within 3-5 minutes but waited for 20-30 minutes. The result was recorded by naked eye detection of single band for negative control, double band for AIV. Statistical analysis Chi² test with continuity correction was done to find out the significant variation in the presence of avian influenza virus in two Upazilas by using SPSS 17.0.

Source of Information: Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2011). 9 (2) : 133 – 136

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

AIV firstly detected in Bangladesh in the year 2007 and since then the disease has got much importance. Now a day the disease is assuming to be endemic in the domestic chicken and ducks in Bangladesh. Most of the ducks are reared in the haor areas of Bangladesh. They are free living; could have contact with wild migratory birds. The way by which the domestic chickens infected with AIV was not known in Bangladesh. However, ducks in the haor area could act as a source of AI viruses towards infecting domestic chickens and other free living birds. This is the first report that successfully detect avian influenza virus antigen in ducks of Bangladesh using rapid test kits. Virulent serotype specially the H₇ and H₅ AIV may cause morbidity and mortality in ducks. In this study we detected H₅antigen of AIV by using AIV H₅ rapid Ag test kit. The test is very easy, rapid, less laborious and inexpensive and can be considered as a rapid screening method for the detection of AIV in Bangladesh. Further studies are needed targetting the determination of sensitivity and specificity of the kit for wide use in field condition, serotype determination and molecular detection of the field isolates. Test kit developed using monoclonal antibodies against H₁, H₅_, H₇and H₉antigens of AI viruses and detected serotypes accordingly from the field outbreaks/ suspected cases/ carrier cases would be highly valuable.

Knowledge Management: Journal