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Udder-halve-wise Comparative Prevalence of Clinical and Subclinical Mastitis in Lactating Goats with Their Bacterial Pathogens and Antibiotic Sensitivity Patterns in Bangladesh

H. Sarker
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

M. A. Samad
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Goats are the major parts of subsidiary economy of the rural people in Bangladesh. Dairy animals including lactating goats are prone to the intramammary infection (IMI) and associated with a lot of economic impact on the farmers but the reports on caprine mastitis are very limited in inland literature. This study was undertaken to determine the udder-halve-wise comparative prevalence of clinical and sub-clinical caprine mastitis with their associated bacterial pathogens and antibiotic sensitivity patterns during the period from January to May 2010. The teat and udder of a lactating population of 1025 Black Bengal goats maintained under rural (village) condition in two different districts (Joypurhat and Mymensingh) of Bangladesh were physically examined, of which 54 (5.27%) goats had clinical mastitis which constituted as experimental animals for this study. Of the 54 selected goats, 59 (54.63%) udder-halves were affected with clinical mastitis whereas the remaining 49 (45.37%) udder-halves of the selected goats were found physically normal. Out of 59 udder-halves, 49 (90.74%) were unilaterally and 5 (9.26%) were bilaterally affected with clinical mastitis. The prevalence of clinical mastitis was found significantly (p < 0.01) higher in left udder-haves (H = 47; 79.66%) in comparison to the right (H = 12; 20.34%) udder-halves. Milk samples collected from all the 108 udder-halves were examined bacteriologically, of which 102 (94.44%) udder-halves had bacterial infection. No significant differences was observed on the status of bacterial pathogens between clinically (H = 55; 93.22%) and sub-clinically (H = 47; 95.92%) affected udder-halves, and between the single (CH = 45; 76.27% and SCH = 35; 71.43%) and mixed (CH = 10; 16.95% and SCH = 12; 24.49%) bacterial infections in both the clinical and sub-clinical mastitis udder-halves. The major bacterial pathogens isolated were Staphylococcus spp. which showed to be highest frequency (38.98%), followed by Escherichia coli (27.12%) and Bacillus spp. (10.17%) as a single clinical IMI whereas mixed IMI were also detected in both clinically and sub-clinically affected udder-halves. Antibiotic sensitivity results showed a relatively high level of resistance to ampicillin, amoxycillin and streptomycin, whereas gentamicin and ciprofloxacin were found to be the most effective drugs. These results indicate the high prevalence of sub-clinical mastitis in apparently normal quarters of lactating goats than those had clinical mastitis in other udder-halves, and therefore, there is a need for the prudent use of antibacterial in animal health and production through bacteriological and antibiogram studies in Bangladesh

Keywords: Lactating goats, Udder-haves-wise mastitis, Bacterial pathogens, Antibiotic sensitivity

Location: Joypurhat and Mymensingh

Start Date: 01-01-2010

End Date: 31-05-2010

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Goat

Objectives:

This paper describes the udder-halves-wise comparative prevalence of clinical and sub-clinical mastitis in lactating Black Bengal goats with their associated bacterial pathogens and antibiotic sensitivity patterns.

Methodology:

The udder-halves-wise comparative prevalence of clinical and sub-clinical mastitis with their associated bacterial pathogens and their in vitro sensitivity patterns to different antibiotics were carried out in 54 Black Bengal goats in the districts of Joypurhat (n = 36) and Mymensingh (n = 18) during the period from January to May 2010. Clinical mastitis was diagnosed in 54 goats from a randomly selected population of 1025 lactating rural goats on the basis of owner history, inspection and palpation of the udder and visual examination of the milk samples. Hard swollen with painful udder and visible abnormalities of milk (milk with blood, clots, flakes, watery etc.) were diagnosed as clinical mastitis. Udders and teats of the randomly selected 54 lactating goats (108 udder-halves) were cleaned and dried before sample collection. Each of the 59 mastitis affected teats and 49 apparently healthy teats of 54 lactating goats was disinfected with 70% ethanol before sampling. The first few streams of milk were discarded and about 10 ml milk samples were collected in sterile universal bottles, labeled as L or R (L for left halves and R for rights halves). The milk samples were transported in an icebox with ice to the laboratory for bacteriological studies. Antibiotic susceptibility test was conducted on randomly selected three different bacterial pathogens (Staphylococus spp., Escherichia coli and Bacillus spp.) isolated during the study period to 10 antibiotics using the disc diffusion method (Ellner, 1978; Quinn et al., 1999). Minimal inhibition concentration values of the bacterial organisms were analyzed for antibacterial discs (Oxoid Ltd., UK) with their corresponding concentrations include: Gentamicin (GN, 30 μg), Ciprofloxacin (CIP, 5 μg), Erythromycin (ERY, 15 μg), Chloramphenicol (C, 30 μg), Ampicillin (AMP, 10 μg), Amoxycillin (AMOX, 10 μg), Enrofloxacin (ENR, 5 μg), Oxytetracycline (OXT, 30 μg), Doxycycline (DOX, 30 μg) and Streptomycin (SM, 10 μg). Sensitivity to antibiotic was studied on nutrient plate and the respective plate was seeded uniformly by rubbing the swab against the entire agar surface. Each antibacterial impregnated disc was applied onto the surface of the inoculated plate by using sterile forceps. The plates were incubated at 37 °C for 48 hours. The zone of inhibition around each disc was measured and the interpretation was made as per the zone size interpretation chart provided

Source of Information: Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2011). 09 (2): 137 – 143

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It appears from this study that an overall 5.273% prevalence of clinical mastitis was recorded in goats maintained under rural condition in Bangladesh and its prevalence was found significantly higher in left udderhalves (79.66%) in comparison to the right (20.34%) halves. The high prevalence of intra-mammary infection was also recorded in apparently normal udder-halves (95.92%) of lactating goats those had clinical mastitis in their other quarters. In addition, there was no significant difference on the types of bacterial pathogens between clinically (93.22%) and sub-clinically (95.92%) affected quarters. Antibiotic sensitivity patterns showed gentamicin and ciprofloxacin are the possible effective antibiotics against the major prevalent mastitis pathogens. Examination of udder of lactating goats at regular interval should be done to detect the clinical mastitis and those goats will have clinical mastitis in one quarter should be required similar therapeutic management for both the quarters.

Knowledge Management: Journal