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Prevalence of Giardia Lamblia Infection in Children and Calves in Bangladesh

M. S. H. Suman
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

M. M. Alam
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

S. B. Pun
Clinical Research Unit, Sukraraj Tropical and Infectious Disease Hospital, Teku, Kathmandu, Nepal

A. Khair
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

S. Ahmed
Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Child and Mother Health, Matuail, Dhaka

R. Y. Uchida
Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Kusatsu General Hospital, 1660, Yabase-cho, Kusatsu City, Shiga-prefecture, 525-8585, Japan

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Giardia lamblia is highly infectious protozoan parasite capable of causing gastrointestinal illness in both humans and animals. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of Giardia lamblia infection in children < 5 years old and calves. Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) has been used for the detection of Giardia lamblia. A total of 266 children and 15 calves diarrheic fecal samples were tested for Giardia lamblia during January 2011 to May 2012. The prevalence of Giardia lamblia infection among children was 3.8% while 13.3% in calves. Giardia lamblia was highest in children between 24 and 60 months of age (8.7%). Giardia lamblia infection was higher in male (4.7%) than in female (2.0%). Male calves (14.3%) have slightly higher prevalence than female calves (12.5%). The highest prevalence (33.3%) of Giardia lamblia infection in calves was between the ages 6 and 9 months. This is the first study to determine the prevalence of Giardia lamblia infection in calves using ELISA method in Bangladesh. A larger scale study is needed for accurate estimates of prevalence of Giardia lamblia to undertake an appropriate control strategy in future.

Keywords: Giardia lamblia; Children diarrhea; Calves diarrhea; ELISA; Prevalence

Location: Mymensingh

Start Date: 01-01-2011

End Date: 01-05-2012

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity:

Objectives:

The present research work was undertaken to determine the prevalence of Giardia lamblia infection in children and calves in Bangladesh using Sandwich-ELISA.

Methodology:

The present study was carried out during January 2011 to May 2012 in the Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Stool specimens were collected from hospitalized children admitted to Institute of Children and Maternity Hospital (ICMH), Matuail, Dhaka. Calves specimens were collected from Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) and surrounding areas of Mymensingh. Specimens were collected from rectum of calves inserting fingers equipped with thin rubber hand gloves and were collected in sterile screw capped containers. Five to ten grams of stool specimen was collected. Precautions were taken to avoid contamination from one specimen to the other. The samples were then transferred to the container containing ice bag and stored at -20⁰C as quickly as possible and transported to the laboratory of the department of Medicine at BAU. Information about the age, sex, clinical signs and symptoms and date of collection was recorded.Frozen specimens were thawed at room temperature and 1:4 dilutions of the specimens were prepared in eppendorf tube by using 0.3 ml of dilution buffer (approximately 0.1 g). In case of watery specimens, 0.1 ml of specimen was added to 0.3 ml dilution buffer in eppendorf tubes. In case of semisolid specimens, samples were centrifuged at 2000-3000 rpm for 5-10 minutes to produce clear supernatant.Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (Sandwich, Antibody Coated Plate, Diagnostic Automation, Inc. USA)The data was entered in Microsoft Excel 2007 and transferred to R 2.14.2 (The R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria) for descriptive and analytical statistics. Bivariable logistic regression method was used to determine any association between age and sex of humans with Giardia lamblia infection in R.

Source of Information: Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2011). 9 (2): 177 – 182

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

This is the first study about the prevalence of Giardia lamblia infection in calves in Bangladesh by Sandwich- ELISA method. A greater awareness of parasitic contamination of the environment and its impact on health has precipitated the development of better detection methods for Giardia lamblia. The pathological study and seasonal dynamics on prevalence of Giardia lamblia is not yet studied which would be more effective in treatment and control measure against the Giardia lamblia infection in humans and calves, so a large scale study is needed in order to get accurate estimation of both in humans and animals for implementing effective control measures of Giradia lamblia in future.

Knowledge Management: Journal