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Accumulated Heat Unit and Phenology of Wheat Cultivars as Influenced by Late Sowing Heat Stress Condition

S. SIKDER
Department of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Accumulated heat unit and phenology of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars were studied under normal and late sowing heat stress conditions by seeding them on November 30 and December 30, 2006. November 30 sowing was considered as normal sowing condition, whereas December 30 sowing was regarded as late sowing heat stress condition. Four heat tolerant wheat cultivars, Gourab, Sourav, Kanchan and Shatabdi and two heat sensitive cultivars, Sonora and Kalyansona were used as study materials. The results indicated that the number of days required to attain different phenological stages with late growing condition. For all the phenological stages plants of normal sowing condition needed higher heat units than the late sowing condition. At the earlier phenological stages phenothermal indices decreased with late sowing compared to normal sowing but increased at the later stages. At normal sowing condition all the cultivars showed higher heat use efficiencies compared to late sowing condition. The heat tolerant cultivars, Gourab, Sourav, Kanchan and Shatabdi exihited better performance in phenology, growing degree day, helio-thermal unit and finally used heat more efficiently than the heat sensitive cultivars, Sonora and Kalyansona.

Keywords: Wheat, Phenology and heat use efficiency.

Location: Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University (HSTU), Dinajpur

Start Date: 00-00-2006

End Date: 00-00-2007

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Wheat

Objectives:

To investigation the effect of ambient temperature on phenological development and accumulated heat unit of wheat grown under normal and late growing heat stress condition.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at the research farm of Crop Physiology and Ecology Department of Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University (HSTU), Dinajpur during 2006-07. It was laid out in a split plot design with three replications. The unit plot size was 3m x 2m having a plot to plot and block to block distance of 0.75m and 1m, respectively. Four heat tolerant cultivars (Gourab, Sourav, Kanchan and Shatabdi) and two heat sensitive cultivars (Sonora and Kalyansona) were used as study materials. The seeds were sown on November 30 and December 30 of 2006. November 30 sowing was considered as normal growing condition (average temperature <23⁰ C), whereas December 30 sowing was regarded as late growing heat stress condition (average temperature >25⁰ C). The experiment was replicated thrice in a split plot design when two growing conditions (sowing times) were placed in main plots and six wheat cultivars were in sub-plots. Seeds were sown in rows 20 cm apart at the rate of 120 kg ha^-1 in a unit plot size of 3m x 2m. A fertilizer dose of 100-60-40-20 kg ha^-1 N, P₂O₅, K₂O and S was applied in the form of urea, triple super phosphate, muriate of potash and gypsum, respectively. Three irrigations were given at crown root initiation, maximum tillering and grain filling stages. Other inter cultural operations were done accordingly. The days to crown root initiation, tillering, booting, heading, anthesis, grain filling and maturity were noted when 50% of the plants in all the replications reached the respective stages. The daily meteorological data were collected from Agro- meteorological centre of Wheat Research Centre, Dinajpur. The various measurements of accumulated heat units were calculated. The findings were analyzed by partitioning the total variance with the help of computer by using MSTAT program. The treatment means were compared using Duncun’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT), at 5% level.

Source of Information: J Agric Rural Dev 7(1&2), 57-64, June 2009 ISSN 1810-1860

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The results indicated that the number of days required to attain different phenological stages with late growing condition. For all the phenological stages plants of normal sowing condition needed higher heat units than the late sowing condition. At the earlier phenological stages phenothermal indices decreased with late sowing compared to normal sowing but increased at the later stages. At normal sowing condition all the cultivars showed higher heat use efficiencies compared to late sowing condition. The heat tolerant cultivars, Gourab, Sourav, Kanchan and Shatabdi exihited better performance in phenology, growing degree day, helio-thermal unit and finally used heat more efficiently than the heat sensitive cultivars, Sonora and Kalyansona.

Knowledge Management: Journal