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Identification of Bacterial Flora Isolated from Apparently Healthy Water Birds of Dhaka Zoo of Bangladesh

M. A. H. Sarker
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

M. Jahan
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University

M. N. Parvin
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

M. A. Malek
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

M. T. Hossain
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A total of 72 samples (Oral swab, cloacal swab and faeccal sample) were aseptically collected from different species (Purple Heron, Demoiselle Crane Pond Heron (adult), Pond Heron (young), Cattle Egret, Night Heron (adult), Night Heron (young) and Little Cormorant) of apparently healthy water birds of Dhaka Zoo of Bangladesh for The isolation and identification of bacterial flora. All the collected samples were inoculated in different bacteriological media for the study of their cultural properties. Gram’s staining, motility test and biochemical tests were also performed for the proper diagnosis of the isolated bacteria. Slide agglutination test was also performed to confirm the suspected Salmonella. Five types of bacteria were isolated and identified. The antibiogram of five randomly selected isolated bacteria of each genus were also studied. Among the isolated bacteria the isolation rate of E. coli was 54.16 % followed by Salmonella spp.31.94 %, Staphylococcus spp. 27.78%, Bacillus spp. 26.38 % and Proteus spp. 8.33%. Among the isolates, E.coli was found to be most prevalent bacteria. Among the samples the isolation rate of bacteria was higher in cloacal swab 54.16%, followed by oral swab 51.38% and faecal sample 43.05%. There was marked variation in the antibiotic sensitivity and resistant patterns of the isolated bacteria to the antibiotics available in the markets. It was found that most of the isolated bacteria were highly sensitive to enrofloxacin and norfloxacin. Ampicillin and furazolidone could not affect the growth of any isolated bacteria

Keywords: Bacterial species, Isolation, Identification, Aquatic birds.

Location: Mymensingh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity:

Objectives:

The present study was under taken to isolate and identify important species of bacteria from apparently healthy water birds of Dhaka zoo along with cultural, biochemical, serological characteristics and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the isolated bacteria

Methodology:

A total of 72 oral swab, cloacal swab and faecal samples, 24 of each, were collected from 6 (Purple Heron, Demoiselle Crane, Pond Heron (adult), Pond Heron (young), Cattle Egret, Night Heron (adult), Night Heron (young) and Little Cormorant) different species of apparently healthy water birds of Dhaka Zoo, Mirpur, Dhaka. Each sample was inoculated in sterile nutrient both (NB) and transported to the bacteriology laboratory of the Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, BAU, Mymensingh, Bangladesh using ice flask immediately after collection. Inoculated nutrient broths were incubated at 37°C for 24 hours in bacteriological media and after 24 hours the incubated broth were streaked into different bacteriological media such as NA, EMB, MC, SS, BGA, BA, TSI (Himedia, India) to obtain pure culture of the bacteria.To determine the drug sensitivity pattern of the isolated bacteria and to interpret their disease potential, commercially available antimicrobial discs (OXOID LIMITED Basingstoke, Hampshire, England) were used for the test. In vitro antibiotic sensitivity tests were done using disc diffusion test following the method described by Kirby-Bauser (Bauser et al., 1966). 1-2 ml of freshly growing broth culture were poured on to NA, EMB agar or BGA and spread uniformly. Antibiotic discs were placed apart on the surface of the inoculated plates aseptically with the help of a sterile forceps and incubated at 37⁰C for 24 hrs. After incubation the plates were examined and the diameters of the zone of inhibition were measured. Depending on the area of the zone diameters for individual antibiotic was recorded as highly sensitive, moderately sensitive, less sensitive and resistant

Source of Information: Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2012). 10 (1&2): 21-26

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

As the water birds maximum time remain in the water and usually eats raw fishes, bacterial isolation rate from oral swab may be higher compare to faecal samples. Irrespective to samples isolation rate of E.coli was 54.16% which was higher among the five isolated bacteria followed by 31.94 % of Salmonella spp. and 27.78 % of Staphylococcus spp. This indicates that E. coli is normally present in birds’ body as commensal bacteria. Among the different types of water birds, overall lowest 9.72% of bacteria were isolated from Cattle Egret and highest 23.61% from Demoiselle Crane. But no remarkable variation was found in other types of birds in the percentage of bacterial isolates and literatures are not available to compare our findings with the others. The sensitivity patterns of different bacteria to various antibiotics were so variable that it was difficult to interpret. The resistant patterns to antibiotics were found variable results in case of all isolates. On the other hand, the antibiotics of fluoroquinolone group such as ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and enrofloxacin showed moderate to high sensitivity against almost all the bacterial isolates except Proteus spp. which was found highly sensitive to furazolidone. It was not possible to identify the isolated bacteria up to species level with their pathogenic nature. If it is possible to identify the isolated bacteria properly that will help to gain knowledge about the threat of the isolated bacteria for the water birds in captive condition

Knowledge Management: Journal