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Detection and Characterization of Microbes Causing Stunted Growth in Commercial Broilers

M. M. Shah
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur

M. M. Rahman
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur

M. R. Akter
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur

R. A. Romey
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The study was conducted to isolate and characterize the microbes causing stunted growth in commercial broilers from Vai- Vai Poultry Farm (Kornai, Katapara, Dinajpur), Israfil Poultry Farm (Basherhat, Dinajpur), Guljar Poultry Farm (North Sibrampur, Dinajpur) and Maa Poultry Farm (Nayanpur, Dinajpur), during the period from January 2011 to July 2011. A total of 158 samples comprising dead birds, sick birds, litter, droppings, poultry feed and drinking water were collected among them 56 (n= 56) positive samples were isolated for this study from commercial broilers and subjected to primary isolation by propagating in nutrient broth followed by culture on selective media– Brilliant Green Agar, Salmonella-Shigella Agar, Eosin Methylene Blue Agar and Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar media. Gram's staining techniques were performed. Biochemical properties of the isolates were studied and reaction in TSI agar slant was also observed. Among the 56 positive isolates 9 isolates were found positive for Fungi, 37 isolates were found positive for E. coli and 26 isolates were found to be positive for Salmonella spp. that are the casual factors for stunted growth in commercial broilers. Among them 16 isolates were found mixed infection with Salmonella spp. and E. coli also included in both prevalence. The prevalence of Fungi, E. coli and Salmonella spp. were recorded as 16.07%, 66.07% and 46.42% respectively. Among the microbes isolated Escherichia coli was determined as predominant bacteria (66.07%) causing stunted growth in commercial broilers than Salmonella spp. (46.42%) and Fungi (16.07%). Litter and dropping samples were the highest sources of contamination than tracheal swabs. Fungal samples were isolated from feed, litter and drinking water samples and the prevalence of Fungi were recorded as lowest (16.07%) than other microbes causing stunted growth than Escherichia coli (66.07%) and Salmonella spp. (46.42%).

Keywords: Microbes, stunted growth, commercial broilers.

Location: Dinajpur

Start Date: 01-01-2011

End Date: 31-07-2011

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Poultry

Objectives:

To identify the microbes that are responsible for stunted growth in commercial broilers have been described with their detection and characterization in this paper

Methodology:

This study was conducted during the period from January to July, 2011 in the Microbiology laboratory of the Department of Microbiology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University (HSTU), Dinajpur. Samples were collected from dead birds, sick birds, litter, droppings, poultry feed and drinking water from selected commercial broiler farms at Dinajpur district in Bangladesh. The experimental birds were Cobb 500 strain and standard body weight of broiler were collected from Nourish Poultry and Hatchery Ltd. Body weight of birds were taken regularly and compared with standard growth, poor body weight or stunted birds were selected for sample collection. Mortality rate also compared with standard rate ≤ 5% (Nourish Poultry and Hatchery Ltd.) and Guljar Poultry farm was selected randomly for study due to high mortality rate (8% mortality). Collected samples were undertaken for the isolation and identification of causal agent by morphology, staining and cultural characteristics. Characterizations of isolates were done by biochemical properties. The samples were collected from sick and dead birds (tracheal swab, liver, cloal swab, intestinal content and dropping for bacteriological samples), feed, drinking water and litter (for mycological samples) from Vai-Vai Poultry Farm, Israfil Poultry Farm, Guljar Poultry Farm and Maa Poultry Farm. The samples were collected aseptically into a sterile petridis and brought to the laboratory of Microbiology, HSTU, Dinajpur. A total of 56 Broiler birds from 158 samples were tested for the examination for microorganism. Guljar Poultry Farm was selected randomly for study due to high mortality rate (8% mortality). On the other hand different feed samples (starter and finisher) from Guljar Poultry Farm, drinking water samples and litter sample also tested for detection of fungi in Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar media. Total flock size was 2800 from 4 farms among them Guljar Poultry Farm of total flock size was 700 selected randomly for positive isolates.

Source of Information: Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2012). 10 (1&2):: 27–32

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

In the present study, biochemical tests used for characterization of bacterial pathogens were Salmonella spp. produced acid and gas by fermenting various sugars and gave negative reaction to Indole, Motility Indole Urease and Voges Proskauer test but positive to Methyl red. However, for useful application of the present research findings further studies should be conducted on molecular and antigenic characterization of identified field isolates of Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli, development of vaccines and determination of pathogenicity of identified microbes associated with stunted growth of commercial broiler birds.

Knowledge Management: Journal