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Influence of Soil Amendments on Mitigating Methane Emissions and Sustaining Rice Productivity in Paddy Soil Ecosystems of Bangladesh

M. A. Ali
Department of Environmental Science, BAU, Mymensingh

M. G. Farouque
Department of Agricultural Extension Education, BAU, Mymensingh

M. Haque
Graduate Training Institute, BAU, Mymensingh

Abid ul Kabir
Department of Environmental Science, BAU, Mymensingh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Two field experiments were conducted at two different rice ecosystems, one in the upland rice field of Bangladesh Agricultural University farm, Mymensingh and the another one in the low lying area of Bhaluka, Mymensingh to investigate the effects of soil amendments on mitigation of methane emissions and sustaining rice productivity. The experimental treatments were urea (250 kg ha^-1), urea plus coal ash (1t ha^-1), urea plus phosphogypsum (90 kg ha^-1), urea plus silicate fertilizer (150 kg ha^-1), ammonium sulphate 400 kg ha^-1, ammonium sulphate plus silicate fertilizer (150 kg ha^-1), urea (25% less than the recommended doze) plus cyanobacteria plus azolla (1t ha^-1). In case of BAU upland rice field, the total seasonal CH₄ emission was decreased by 12-21% and rice grain yield was increased by 4.0- 18.0% respectively, whereas 11.0-26.0% reduction in total CH4 emission and 4.5-24.0% increase in rice grain yield was recorded from the low lying rice field of Bhaluka with the application of soil amendments. Among the amendments silicate fertilization with urea and silicate in combination with ammonium sulphate reduced total CH₄ flux by 18- 23% and 21-26% respectively, whereas rice grain yield was increased by 18-24% and 16-18%, respectively in both ecosystems. Although maximum reduction in total seasonal CH₄ flux was recorded with silicate and sulfate of ammonia amendment in paddy soil, however soil acidity was developed which might affect soil fertility and rice productivity in the future. Therefore, silicate fertilizer could be introduced with the nitrogenous fertilizer sources, preferably with 50% urea plus 50% ammonium sulphate for reducing CH₄ emissions and increasing rice productivity under both irrigated upland and lowland rice field ecosystems.

Keywords: Methane emission, Rice, Soil amendment

Location: One in the upland rice field of Bangladesh Agricultural University farm,Mymensingh and the another one in the low lying area of Bhaluka, Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-01-2011

End Date: 00-06-2011

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

1. To investigate the influence of soil amendments on CH₄ emission and rice productivity in lowland and upland paddy soil ecosystems.

Methodology:

The experiments were designed with randomized complete block design (RCBD). There were seven treatments, which were replicated three times in each experimental field. The experimental treatments were urea 250 kg ha^-1, urea 250 kg ha-1 + coal ash 1t/ha, urea 250 kg ha^{- 1} + phospho- gypsum 90 kg ha^-1 , urea 250 kg ha^-1 + silicate fertilizer 150 kg ha^-1, sulphate of ammonia (SOA) 400 kg ha^-1 , sulphate of ammonia (SOA) 400 kg ha^-1 + silicate fertilizer 150 kg ha^-1, urea (190 kg/ha, 25% less than the recommended doze) + cyanobacterial bloom (cyanobacteria + azolla) 1 ton/ha , sulphate of ammonia (SOA) 400 kg ha^-1 + cyanobacterial bloom (cyanobacteria + azolla) 1 ton/ha. The rice cultivar used in this experiment was BRRI Dhan-29. The selected silicate fertilizer was granular form, slag type with pH 9.5 and was composed mainly of CaO (41.8%), SiO₂ (33.5%) and Fe₂O₃ (5.4%). Average active and free iron concentrations were 3078 and 1571 mg Fe kg^-1, respectively. The basal nutrients fertilizer applied following the ratio N: P₂O₅: K₂O = 110: 45: 60 kg ha^{- 1}. Dried rice straw was added into soils at the rate of 2 t ha^-1 one week prior to flooding and mixed mechanically within 10 cm depth of the surface soil. The content of electron acceptors were 1.2%, 3.5%, 5.7%, 5.9%, 4.0% and 6.3% in urea, urea plus coal ash, urea plus silicate slag, urea plus phosphogypsum, sulfate of ammonia, and silicate slag plus sulfate of ammonia, respectively. Gas sampling was carried out through closedchamber method during rice cultivation. Three glass chambers were placed in each plot. Four holes at the bottom of each chamber were kept to facilitate water movement. The air gas samples from the transparent glass chamber (Diameter 62 cm, and height 112 cm) were collected by using 50 ml gas-tight syringes at 0, 15 and 30 minutes intervals after chamber placement over the rice planted plots. Gas samples were collected three times (8.00-12.00-16.00) in a day to get the average CH₄ emissions during the cropping season. CH₄ concentrations in the collected air samples were measured by Gas Chromatography (Shimadzu, GC- 2010) packed with Porapak NQ column (Q 80-100 mesh) and a flame ionization detector (FID). The temperatures of column, injector and detector were adjusted at 100^oC, 200^oC, and 200^oC respectively. Helium (He) and H₂ gases were used as carrier and burning gases, respectively. CH₄ emission from irrigated rice field was calculated from the increase in CH4 concentrations per unit surface area of the chamber for a specific time intervals. A closed chamber equation was used to estimate CH4 fluxes from each treatment. Rice growth and yield components were recorded under different treatments and locations. Yield components such as panicle number per hill, number of grains per panicle, ripened grains, 1000 grain weight, harvest index and grain yield/ha were determined at the harvesting stage. Statistical analyses were conducted using SAS software. Rice growth, yield, soil properties and methane emission data were subjected to the analysis of variance and regression. Fisher's protected least significant difference (LSD) was calculated at the 0.05 probability level for making treatment mean comparisons.

Source of Information: J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 5(1): 179 - 185, 2012; ISSN 1999-7361

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Among the amendments, silicate fertilization with urea and silicate in combination with sulfate of ammonia increased rice grain yield by 18-24% and 16-18%, whereas decreased total seasonal CH₄ flux by 18-23% and 21-26%, respectively. Conclusively, silicate fertilization with urea and sulfate of ammonia could be an effective strategy for reducing CH₄ emissions during rice cultivation under lowland and upland paddy soil ecosystems.

Knowledge Management: Journal