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Effect of Some Containers, Chemicals and Indigenous Materials on Incidence of Wheat Pests in Storage

M. Y. ALI
Department of Entomology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, Bangladesh

, M. A. LATIF
Department of Entomology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, Bangladesh

M. ALI
Department of Entomology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of some containers, chemicals and indigenous materials for protection of wheat seed in storage at the Entomology Laboratory of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University (SAU), Dhaka. Wheat seeds were stored in four types of containers (Tin kouta, earthen pot, plastic container and gunny bag) with two types of chemicals (Naphthalene and camphor) and two indigenous materials (neem leaf powder and sand). Among the different containers, the lowest population of grain moth (1.40-7.93), red flour beetle (6.40-35.33) and rice weevil (0.20-9.13) was recorded from the plastic containers. At the initial stage of storage, grain moth was dominant but red flour beetle was abundant at the middle and later stage of storage. Population of rice weevil was gradually increased with storage period. Considering the storage materials, the lowest population of grain moth (3.92-28.98), red flour beetle (7.58-43.08) and rice weevil (0.75-9.08) was found in naphthalene. Camphor had the similar population level of those three insect pests during the study period.

Keywords: Grain moth, Rice weevil, Red flour beetle, Neem leaf powder, Camphor and naphthalene

Location: Sher-e- Bangla Agricultural University (SAU), Dhaka

Start Date: 00-04-2006

End Date: 00-11-2006

Program Area: Seed Technology

Commodity: Wheat

Objectives:

To search the suitable and cheap storage containers and materials for storing of wheat grains.

Methodology:

The study was conducted in the laboratory of the Department of Entomology, Sher-e- Bangla Agricultural University (SAU), Dhaka during April 2006 to November 2006. Clean and healthy seed of wheat variety "Kanchan" was used as stored grain in this experiment. On the other hand, tin kouta, plastic containers, earthen pots and gunny bags were selected as storage containers, neem leaf powder and sand as indigenous materials camphor and naphthalene as chemicals. Containers were purchased from the local market of Chakbazar, Dhaka. Fresh green neem leaves were collected, washed, air dried and then dried in the oven at 50⁰C for 24 hours and dried leaves were powdered with electric grinder. Sand was collected, cleaned, air dried and then sieved to remove the inert materials. Camphor and naphthalene were collected from Krishi Market, Mohammadpur, Dhaka. Wheat seed was collected from Bangladesh Agricultural Development Corporation (BADC), Dhaka centre and dried in the open sun light for two days.The experiment was laid out in Factorial Design having two factors with three replications. Various containers were considered as one factor and different materials and chemicals were considered as another factor. Four types of container such as tin kouta, earthen pots, plastic containers and gunny bag indicate the four levels of one factor. On the other hand, two chemicals camphor and naphthalene, two indigenous materials neem leaf powder and sand, and an untreated control indicate the five levels of the other factor. Therefore, a total of 20 (4×5) treatment combinations and 60 (4 × 5 ×3) experimental units were used in this experiment. For this experiment, two kilograms dry wheat seeds were kept in each of the previously marked 60 containers. Then neem leaf powder (10 g/kg), sand (100 g/kg), camphor (4 g/kg) and naphthalene (4 g/kg) were added to the grains in the respective marked container. Neem leaf powder, sand, camphor and naphthalene were placed in 3 (three) layers in the containers. At first, one third of neem leaf powder, sand, camphor and naphthalene was placed in the bottom of the respective marked container, and then half of the grains was placed in the container. Again one third neem leaf powder, sand, camphor and naphthalene was kept on upper layer of the grains. The rest of the grains were placed in the respective mark containers and finally one third neem leaf powder, sand, camphor and naphthalene were placed on the upper surface of the grains in the containers. Nothing except grains was kept to the respective untreated control. The open end of each of the containers was closed by its cover and gunny bag was closed tightly with rope. Data collection was started after two months of storage on 1st week of June and continued up to November at one month interval. For grain moths, a cylindrical insect holder made of mosquito net was placed upper side of the containers and shaken frequently. So that all the moths flew up and was captured in the net. Then the moths were killed with ethyl acetate to count their number. For other insects, three samples were collected with a sampling probe from each container. Samples were collected from lower, middle and upper layer of the grain and thoroughly mixed. Insect pests in each sample were properly identified and their population was counted and recorded.All of the collected data were subjected to square root transformation as and when needed and were analyzed by using MSTAT statistical package programme applicable for the Factorial Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD). Means were separated by Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT).

Source of Information: J Agric Rural Dev 7(1&2), 107-113, June 2009 ISSN 1810-1860

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Among the different containers, the lowest population of grain moth (1.40-7.93), red flour beetle (6.40-35.33) and rice weevil (0.20-9.13) was recorded from the plastic containers. At the initial stage of storage, grain moth was dominant but red flour beetle was abundant at the middle and later stage of storage. Population of rice weevil was gradually increased with storage period. Considering the storage materials, the lowest population of grain moth (3.92-28.98), red flour beetle (7.58-43.08) and rice weevil (0.75-9.08) was found in naphthalene. Camphor had the similar population level of those three insect pests during the study period.

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