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Prevalence of Brucellosis in Pigs: the First Report in Bangladesh

M. S. Rahman
Department of Medicine, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

M. Nuruzzaman
Department of Medicine, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

M. S. Ahasan
Department of Medicine, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

R. R. Sarker
Department of Medicine, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

A. Chakrabartty
Department of Medicine, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

A. Nahar
Department of Medicine, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

M. J. Uddin
Department of Medicine, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

M. A. S. Sarker
Department of Medicine, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

L. Akhter
DLS, Krishi Khamar Sarak, Farmgate, Dhaka

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Brucellosis, a bacterial zoonotic disease, has been reported in ruminants but still no report in pigs in Bangladesh. The aim of this study was to describe seroprevalence of brucellosis in swine in Bangladesh. Blood from a total of 105 pigs was collected from selected areas of Bangladesh. All samples were screened using Rose Bengal Test (RBT) and further confirmed by using Slow Agglutination Test (SAT). A structured questionnaire was used to collect the epidemiological data related to the animals and husbandry practices. Out of the 105 sera analyzed, 7 (6.7%) and 5 (4.8%) were found to be positive by RBT and SAT respectively. It was observed that, insignificantly higher prevalence of brucellosis based on SAT was found in female (5.6%) than male (2.9%), in aged animal (8.1%) than young (0.0%) and in pregnant animal (12.5%) than non pregnant animal (2.1%) (p>0.05). Prevalence of brucellosis was 42.9% in aborted pigs and 1.6% in non aborted pigs. The association between abortion status and prevalence of brucellosis was statistically highly significant (p<0.01). This report of prevalence of brucellosis in pigs is very important with regards to the human health and other livestock and might help Government and NGOs to design preventive measurement and establish livestock health policy.

Keywords: Prevalence, Swine, Brucellosis, Bangladesh

Location:

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity:

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis in pigs for the first time in Bangladesh by Rose Bengal Test (RBT) as screening test and later by Slow Agglutination Test (SAT) as confirmatory test.

Methodology:

A total of 105 blood samples were collected from two different districts of Bangladesh. Where there was availability of chute, pig was entered into the chute and restrained but where chute was not available, the pig was controlled by the owner and attendant. The site of blood collection at ear vein or tail vein was soaked with tincture of iodine or alcohol before collecting blood. About 5-7 ml of blood was collected with the help of sterile disposable syringe and needle and was kept undisturbed on a tray for at least 1 hour at room temperature in a slightly inclined position to facilitate clotting. The clotted blood samples with sera were transferred to refrigerator at 4°C and kept overnight. Later on, the sera were poured into the separate test tube from each labeled syringe and the test tube was marked with same number by permanent marker. Clear sera were collected following centrifugation at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes and were transferred to the sterilized labeled eppendorf tube and stored at 20°C until used. A structured questionnaire was used to collect epidemiological data of the animals. Before analyzing the data, the questionnaire data was rechecked. The RBT was performed according to the procedure as described by Uddin et al. (2007a, 2007b). The test serum samples and Brucella abortus antigen (William James House, Cowley Rd. Cambridge, CB4 0WX, UK) were kept 1 hour in room temperature before beginning the test. 30 Ml of each serum to be tested was placed on a glass plate circled approximately 2 cm in diameter. Then the vial of antigens was shacked gently and 30Ml of antigen was put beside each of the sera. The antigens and the serum were mixed on the plate with a stirrer and spread over the entire area enclosed by the circle. Then the plate was placed on a mechanical rotator at 80-100 rpm for 4 minutes and the reading was taken immediately. Any agglutination or precipitation was considered as positive, whereas no reaction (negative) indicated the absence of Brucella antigen in the sera.

Source of Information: Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2012). 10 (1&2): 75-80

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The Brucellae are 'survivors' in both extracellular and intracellular environments. Compatible relationships with the hosts including variable incubation periods, asymptomatic carriers and resistance to treatments are the important problems. The animal husbandry factors such as commerce, nomadism, commingling, and increasing population sizes assure difficulties in control of diseases. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of seroprevalence of brucellosis in pigs in Bangladesh. Regular sero-monitoring of the pigs, culling of positive reactors from breeding program are important to eradicate or control of this zoonotic disease. Further studies for isolation, identification and typing of specific Brucella sp. are recommended.

Knowledge Management: Journal