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Investigation on the Counteracting Effect of Spirulina Against Potentated Sulfonamide’s (cotrim Ds) Side Effects in Rat

M. K. Islam
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

S. Akter
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

S. Bala
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

M. Z. Hossain
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

M. S. Akter
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was conducted to investigate the counteracting effects of spirulina in Long Evans rats exposed to oral potentiated sulfonamide administration. 20 rats were randomly assigned into four equal groups (A, B, C and D) and were fed with standard broiler pellet (25g/rat/day) throughout the experimental period of 60 days. Rats of Group A were fed only with pellet without any experimental diet and were defined as control. Rats of Group B were treated with potentiated sulfonamide @ 96 mg/rat/day orally whereas Group C was treated with potentiated sulfonamide @ 96 mg/rat/day plus spirulina (Spirulina maxima) @ 50 mg/rat/day orally (low dose spirulina). In Group D, potentiated sulfonamide and spirulina (Spirulina maxima) were given through feed @ 96 mg/rat/day and @ 100 mg/rat/day (high dose spirulina) respectively. Hematological parameters (TEC, Hb and absolute count of lymphocyte, neutrophil and eosinophil) and hispathological profile of liver and kidney were recorded. The investigation revealed that the oral administration of sulfonamide significantly (p<0.01) decreased the TEC (5.93±0.24) value, number of lymphocyte (581.76±3.70) and neutrophil (581.76±3.70) compared to other treated groups and control group. On the other hand significant (p<0.01) increase (422.86±2.34) in eosinophil population has been found in rats fed on sulfonamide irrespective of spirulina supplementation on the final day of experiment compared to other treated group and control group. From this experiment it is evidenced that spirulina has a potential counteracting effect against sulfonamide. Histopathology of kidney and liver was done at the end of experiment (60 days) and no significant change was found except in the kidney of Group B and C.

Keywords: Rat, Sulfonamide, Spirulina, Hematological parameters, Histopathology

Location:

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Rats

Objectives:

This study was undertaken also to oversee any counteracting tendency of spirulina against the sulfonamide action in rats.

Methodology:

Two months old 20 Long Evans male rats with a mean initial body weight of 30±2g were purchased from Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh and were maintained well with feed and water during the experimental period. Before being used in the experiment, rats were adapted for 3 days in order for them to get used to the environment. All rats were maintained by following the “Principles of laboratory animal care" (NIH publication No. 85-23, revised 1985). All the rats were randomly assigned into four equal groups (A, B, C and D) and were fed with standard broiler pellet (25g/rat/day) throughout the experimental period of 60 days. Rats of group A were fed only with pellet without any supplementation and were defined as control. Rats of group B were treated with sulfonamide @ 96 mg/rat/day orally with water whereas group C was treated with potentiated sulfonamide @ 96 mg/rat/day plus spirulina (Spirulina maxima) powder @ 50 mg/rat/day (low dose spirulina) with water. In group D, sulfonamide and spirulina powder were given with water @ 96 mg/rat/day and @ 100 mg/rat/day (high dose spirulina), respectively.The blood was collected from tail for the measurement of blood parameters on the first day of the experiment. A set of sterile test tubes containing anticoagulant (3.8% Sodium Citrate Solution) at a ratio of 1:10 were used in blood collection. At the end of the experimental period (60 days), the rats were euthanized by carbon dioxide asphyxiation and blood was withdrawn by cardiac puncture using a 22 gauge needle and a 5 mL syringe. The blood was kept at 4°C till examination was done. Hematological studies were performed in Physiology laboratory within two hours of blood collection. Blood parameters were studied as per method described by Lamberg and Rothstein (1977). Histopathology Histopathology was performed in the Anatomy and Histology laboratory. The whole liver and kidney were excised from each animal, immersed in chilled phosphate-buffered saline and blotted dry. A 4 mm3 section of the liver and kidney were placed into a histological cassette. The cassette containing the liver and kidney section of each animal was individually immersed in a 10% (v/v) buffered formalin phosphate solution for fixing and subsequent staining. The formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples were ultra sectioned (4–5 μm thickness), stained with Verhoeff’s stain and examined under a light microscope (Luna, 1968). Statistical analysis All data were expressed as mean ± SD of 5 rats of each group. The data on hematology was subjected to statistical analysis by applying Completely Randomized Design (CRD).Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05 (Mostafa, 1989).

Source of Information: Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2012). 10 (1&2): 81-86

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

From the above findings we may conclude that administration of sulfonamide has several adverse effects in rats and spirulina has beneficial effect on hematopoiesis. Of course, the present study is a preliminary work in laboratory animal in Bangladesh. In order to have a clear idea about sulfonamide on hematopoiesis the present work should be further extended to detailed observation of bone marrow by radiographic intervention as well as painstaking histology.

Knowledge Management: Journal