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Land Classification for Optimal Use of Land by Remote Sensing and GIS Technology

M. F. Haque
Bangladesh Space Research and Remote Sensing Organization (SPARRSO), Dhaka

M. S. Ali
Bangladesh Space Research and Remote Sensing Organization (SPARRSO), Dhaka

M. A. Haq
Ministry of Defence, Government of Bangladesh (GoB)

M. M. R. Akhand
Bangladesh Space Research and Remote Sensing Organization (SPARRSO), Dhaka

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

In this paper, attempt has been made to prepare landuse map for the district of Brahmanbaria, situated in the east-central part of Bangladesh using remote sensing technique. The multi-spectral Landsat TM data for 3 November 2002, 15 December 2004, 01 February 2002, 14 March 2003 and some aerial photographs of December 2000 have been used for land-use mapping for major three crops namely aman rice (late July - early November), winter (rabi) crops and winter (boro) rice. The imagery covers the growing seasons of the above crops, where multi-spectral and multi-temporal signatures for the green vegetations have been shown in spatial domain. The interpretation of the aerial photographs have also been performed and prepared GIS layers containing the water bodies and settlements. All the signature files including the interpretations of aerial photographs have been combined to produce a composite file in GIS layers. These layers were then combined to prepare the landuse maps including the three major crops cultivated round the year. Moreover, the landuse map of Akhaura upazila was compared with the land-type map and a relation of the landuse with the land-type has also been derived. The extracted feature files corresponding to spectral signatures have been overlaid to estimate the distribution of three major crop types in the study area. The result implies that all the three major crops like, aman, rabi and boro were cultivated in the same land which was 9.2% of total land area. Similarly, areas under double and single crops were also estimated and the result revealed that all the three crop types cover 68.3% of the total land area of Brahmanbaria district.

Keywords: GIS, Land use, Remote sensing

Location: Brahmanbaria situated in the east-central part of Bangladesh

Start Date: 03-11-2002

End Date: 14-03-2003

Program Area: Resource Development and Management

Commodity: Land degradation

Objectives:

1. To understand the crop and land-use pattern of the study area and could contribute in planning and land zoning process for optimal land use.

Methodology:

The study area was the district of Brahmanbaria situated in the east-central part of Bangladesh. The extent of the study area is 1900.61 km2 lying between latitudes 90° 43' 49.35" E/ 24º 16' 10.56" N and longitude 91º 18' 56.20" E/ 23º 38' 57.24" N. The River Titas flowing through the middle of the main land from north to south in a zigzag pattern which feeds water for irrigation. The area is characterized by high land, medium high land, medium low land, and low land. The climate of the area is monsoon dominant, the winter is cool and dry and the summer is wet and hot. A comparison of the landuse with the land-types is done for the selected study area within the district named Akhaura upazila. The Landsat TM multi-date data has been used for the study. The imagery was cloud free. The data were obtained from Bangladesh Space Research and Remote Sensing Organization (SPARRSO) archives. The Landsat data used in this study corresponded different cropping seasons of the year round major agricultural land-use and land-cover, more or less the high vegetative growth stage of aman rice, rabi crops and boro rice. The data of 3 November 2002 accounted for the aman rice. The image of 15 December 2004 represented the rabi crops such as pulse, mustard and wheat. It has to mention that the image consisting of only 3 bands was available for this date at SPARRSO archival. The image of 1 February 2002 showed the wheat in its highest vegetative growth or in the near-maturity stage and the early planted rice, while the image of mid March 2003 represented boro rice crop in its highest vegetative growth stage. Though the imagery belongs to different years but they corresponded to the respective cropping seasons. Only aus rice which was cultivated in the months April - July could not covered because of the non availability of cloud-free imagery during this period. The methodology adapted for this study involved both the digital image processing and GIS based analysis. Landsat images were geometrically corrected and geo-referenced with respect to an existing corrected Landsat image. Then the RGB color composites were generated. For land-use classification using temporal remote sensing data, Image Classifier Model (ICM) of ERDAS Imagine software was used. Using the model, spectral signatures from different images over selected Areas of Interest (AOI) have been extracted. The signature files were edited using the signature editor of ERDAS to get reliable spectral signatures of the features of interest. The results of the signatures for the dominant crops for different dates are presented. Then the different features in the form of raster files were extracted especially for aman, rabi and boro crops using the above spectral signature files and with the help of ICM algorithm. The digital mosaic of aerial photographs was interpreted to delineate the water bodies and settlement areas including the homestead vegetation. The classified layers representing different crops were obtained through the aerial photo interpretations which were then merges for further manipulation and preparation of land-use maps using various combinations of layers representing multiple cropping patterns. The land-use classification of Akhaura upazila has been investigated against the land-types for Akhaura upazila and a qualitative relation between the landuse and land-types has also been derived using visual technique.

Source of Information: J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 5(1): 229-237, 2012; ISSN 1999-7361

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The result implies that all the three major crops like, aman, rabi and boro were cultivated in the same land which was 9.2% of total land area. Similarly, areas under double and single crops were also estimated and the result revealed that all the three crop types cover 68.3% of the total land area of Brahmanbaria district.

Knowledge Management: Journal