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Effect of Sowing Patterns and Nitrogen Rates on Quality Traits and Yield of Wheat

M. S. Alam
Dept. of Agronomy and Agricultural Extension, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The experiment was conducted to study the effect of sowing patterns and N rates on quality traits and yield of wheat. The experiment consisted of two methods of sowing viz.; conventional sowing (S₁) and bed sowing (S₂) and four wheat varieties namely; Protiva (V₁), Sourav (V₂), Shatabdi (V₃) and Prodip (V₄) and four levels of nitrogen viz; 0 (N₁), 60 (N₂), 110 (N₃) and 160 (N₄) kg N ha^-1. Grain yield was higher in bed planting system than conventional one due to improvement in yield components. Grain yield was increased with increasing rates of nitrogen application. Prodip produced the highest grain yield with 160 Kg N ha^-1. The highest grain yield was found with the combination of bed sowing method and 160 Kg N ha^-1 and the lowest one was recorded with the combination of conventional method at control treatment. Nitrogen and Protein content in grain and straw varied significantly due to method of sowing. The highest nitrogen and protein content in grain and straw were recorded in bed planting system. Nitrogen content of grain was highest at 160 Kg N ha^-1.The overall results indicate that among the varieties Prodip showed better performance in bed planting system. Prodip gave maximum grain yield at 160 Kg N ha^-1 in bed planting system.

Keywords: Nitrogen, Protein, Wheat, Yield

Location: Agronomy Field Laboratory, Department of Agronomy and Agricultural Extension, University of Rajshahi

Start Date: 00-11-2006

End Date: 00-04-2007

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Wheat

Objectives:

1. To study the effect of sowing patterns and N rates on quality traits of wheat.

Methodology:

The present research work was carried out at Agronomy Field Laboratory, Department of Agronomy and Agricultural Extension, University of Rajshahi during the period from November 2006 to April 2007 to study the effect of sowing methods and nitrogen levels on quality traits and yield of wheat. The experiment consisted of two methods of sowing viz.; conventional (S₁) and bed planting (S₂), four wheat varieties namely; Protiva (V₁), Sourav V₂), Shatabdi (V₃) and Prodip (V₄) and four levels of nitrogen viz; 0 (N₀), 60 (N₁), 110 (N₂) and 160 (N3) kg N ha^-1. The experiment was laid out in a split-split plot design with three replication. The plot size was 3m x 4m. Triple super phosphate (TSP), muriate of potash (MP) and gypsum were applied to the plots at the rate of 180, 50, 120 kg ha^-1 during final land preparation. Nitrogenous fertilizer was applied as per treatment in two installments; two-third at the time of final land preparation and one-third at 27 days after sowing (DAS). All the applied fertilizers were thoroughly mixed to the soil. Seeds were sown in 25 cm apart rows opened by specially made an iron hand tine. After sowing the seeds were covered with soil and slightly pressed by hands. Intercultural operation was done as and when necessary. Grain and straw samples were collected from each plot. Approximately 10 g of samples of each plot were preserved separately in polythene bags for determination of grain and straw nitrogen contents as well as protein contents. Nitrogen content in wheat grain and straw was determined by the standard micro-kjeldahl method The samples were oven-dried at 65^oC overnight and grinded with a grinding machine. Wheat grain and straw samples of 0.1g were digested with 8 ml of concentrated H₂SO₄ in presence of one Kjel-tab and two glass beads in a 75 ml Kjeldahl flask. The sample mixture was heated at 37⁰C for an hour over a preheated heater. After completion of digestion, the flask was cooled at room temperature. For performing distillation, 10 ml of the diluted sample mixture was taken in a Buchi distillation unit with 10 ml of 40 % NaOH. The distillate was collected in 10 ml 2% boric acid containing two drops of mixed indicator.The collected distillate in boric acid was titrated with 0.01 N HCI. A blank was run simultaneously to avoid the nitrogen either already present in chemicals or atmospheric nitrogen absorbed during digestion. Then nitrogen percentage was calculated. Protein content of grain and straw was determined by multiplying the nitrogen content of grain and straw by 5.83 and 6.25, respectively. The result was expressed in percentage. After harvesting, crop of each plot was dried separately for four days. After that, threshing, cleaning and drying of grains were done plot-wise. Then the yields of grain and straw of each plot were recorded and the yields were then converted to hectare basis. The data recorded were compiled and tabulated for statistical analysis. The data were analyzed statistically using the analysis of variance technique and the mean differences among the treatments were adjudged by new Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) with the help of MSTAT software.

Source of Information: J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 5(1): 267-272, 2012; ISSN 1999-7361

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Grain yield was higher in bed planting system than conventional one due to improvement in yield components. Grain yield was increased with increasing rates of nitrogen application. Prodip produced the highest grain yield with 160 Kg N ha^-1. The highest grain yield was found with the combination of bed sowing method and 160 Kg N ha^-1 and the lowest one was recorded with the combination of conventional method at control treatment. Nitrogen and Protein content in grain and straw varied significantly due to method of sowing. The highest nitrogen and protein content in grain and straw were recorded in bed planting system. Nitrogen content of grain was highest at 160 Kg N ha^-1.The overall results indicate that among the varieties Prodip showed better performance in bed planting system. Prodip gave maximum grain yield at 160 Kg N ha^-1 in bed planting system.

Knowledge Management: Journal