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Effects of Garlic Clove, Neem and Eucalyptus Leaf Extract on Mating Behaviour, Oviposition and Adult Emergence of Pulse Beetle, Callosobruchus Maculatus

S. Akter
Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

N. Nahar
Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. Rahman
Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Experiments were conducted in the laboratory to study the effects of garlic clove, neem and eucalyptus leaf extracts on mating behaviour, oviposition and adult emergence of pulse beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus. Intensity of seed damage and weight loss of gram seeds were also recorded. The results showed that the mating frequency, mating duration, oviposition, adult emergence of pulse beetle and weight loss of gram seeds were reduced significantly after application of the extracts. Among the extracts, neem leaf extracts showed lowest mating frequency (1), mating duration (3.66 minutes), lowest number of laid eggs (27.33), adult emergence (11.67), seed damage (6.89%) and weight loss (2.53%). On the other hand, garlic clove extract showed highest mating frequency (1.67), mating duration (4.67 minutes), highest number of laid eggs (40.33), adult emergence (18.66), seed damage (9.63%) and weight loss (3.73%). In the same way eucalyptus leaf extract showed 2nd highest mating frequency (1.5), mating duration (4.5 minutes), eggs laid (38.67), adult emergence (15.67), seed damage (9.25) and seed weight loss (3.33%). Considering efficacy of all extracts, it was found that the order of toxicity was neem leaf extract>eucalyptus leaf extract> garlic clove extract.

Keywords: Callosubruchus maculatus, Eucalyptus, Garlic, Mating behaviour, Neem, Oviposition and adult emergence

Location: The Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-05-2006

End Date: 00-09-2006

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Garlic

Objectives:

To find out the effectiveness of garlic clove, neem and eucalyptus leaf extract on the mating behaviour, oviposition and adult emergence of pulse beetle.

Methodology:

The studies were made using gram seeds in the laboratory of the Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during May to September 2006. The test insects were collected from the laboratory of the Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University. The collected adult beetles were separated from the infested seeds and transferred to fresh seeds of gram for continuous growing in a plastic container. The beetles were allowed for free mating and oviposition for a period of seven days. The gram seeds containing egg were kept for emergence of next generation beetles. One hundred gram cloves of garlic were taken into an electronic blender with 100 ml of water. For obtaining fine extract, the blended mixture was filtered with fine cloth and the extract was considered as 50% concentration. Then 10 ml of the extract was added to 90 ml distilled water to get 5% concentration of garlic clove. Similarly neem and eucalyptus leaf extracts were made from fresh leaves. Male and female adult beetles were treated separately with 5% neem leaf extract with the help of a dropper. After 5 minutes, one treated male and female beetles were released into a petridish containing 10 g of fresh gram seeds and observed for three hours. The same process was followed for garlic clove and eucalyptus leaf extract. Three replications were used for each treatment with a control. Then the mating frequency and mating duration were recorded. One pair of newly emerged treated beetles was released in a petridish containing 50 g of fresh and insect free seeds. Three replications were maintained for each treatment with a control. Then the petridishes were kept in a large metal cage. The oviposition was recorded after 7 days of the release of the beetle. The laid eggs were counted by hand lens. The pulse beetles started emerging after 26 days of egg laying. The emerged beetles were counted and removed every day from the petridish. Seeds with hole(s) were considered as damaged seeds. Total number of seeds and number of damaged seeds of each petridish of each replication were counted. After hatching the larvae entered into the seeds and fed on the cotyledons. The gram seeds were separated from dust particle and dead bodies of pulse beetle by sieving and winnowing. The cleaned infested seeds were weighed separately and the percentage of seed weight losses was calculated. The data were statistically analyzed in accordance with three factors Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and treatment mean values were compared by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT).

Source of Information: Progress. Agric. 18(2) : 93-97, 2007 ISSN 1017-8139

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The results showed that the mating frequency, mating duration, oviposition, adult emergence of pulse beetle and weight loss of gram seeds were reduced significantly after application of the extracts. Among the extracts, neem leaf extracts showed lowest mating frequency (1), mating duration (3.66 minutes), lowest number of laid eggs (27.33), adult emergence (11.67), seed damage (6.89%) and weight loss (2.53%). On the other hand, garlic clove extract showed highest mating frequency (1.67), mating duration (4.67 minutes), highest number of laid eggs (40.33), adult emergence (18.66), seed damage (9.63%) and weight loss (3.73%). In the same way eucalyptus leaf extract showed 2nd highest mating frequency (1.5), mating duration (4.5 minutes), eggs laid (38.67), adult emergence (15.67), seed damage (9.25) and seed weight loss (3.33%). Considering efficacy of all extracts, it was found that the order of toxicity was neem leaf extract>eucalyptus leaf extract> garlic clove extract.

Knowledge Management: Journal