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Flood Disaster Risk Reduction and Adaptation Around the Coastal Area of Bangladesh

M. S. Shaikh
Department of Environmental Science,Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202

M. Shariot-Ullah
Department of Irrigation and Water Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202

M. A. Ali
Department of Environmental ScienceBangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202

A. K. M. Adham
Department of Irrigation and Water Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

This study was undertaken to investigate the strategies for flood disaster risk reduction and adaptation around the coastal area of Bangladesh. Education level and environmental awareness, family size, farm size, adaptation tools, loss due to flood disaster, adaptation tools and area of the rivers and canals of the localities were taken as independent variables. On the other hand, pre and post flood activities were considered as dependent variable of the study. Pre flood activities such as miking around the flood disaster areas reduced flood risk 44.2%, radio and TV bulletin 25.0%, enclosure tube-well by polythene bag 16.7% and shifting the people to cyclone center reduced flood risk 14.2%. However, post flood activities such as food and water supply contributed 48.3% and activities of medical rescue team (i.e. provide medicine, vaccination and saline) and agricultural inputs supply (i.e. seed, fertilizer, livestock’s, fisheries) contributed the same percentage i.e. 25.8% to adapt flood disaster. These variables were tested to explore the relationship between the dependent and independent variables. Education level and environmental awareness, family size, farm size, adaptation tools, loss due to flood disaster were significantly correlated with the pre and post flood activities for flood disaster risk reduction and adaptation around the coastal areas. The findings indicated that the lower the education level and environmental awareness of the coastal area people the lower is the activities (pre and post) during flood disaster in flood disaster risk reduction and adaptation. The findings also indicated that the pre flood preparation is not enough for flood disaster risk reduction and adaptation around the coastal area of Bangladesh and adaptation tools were not sufficient for flood disaster risk reduction and adaptation around the coastal area s of Bangladesh.

Keywords: Adaptation, Environmental awareness, Flood disaster, Risk reduction

Location: Pirojpur and Zianagar upazilla under Pirojpur district, Kachua and Morrelgong upazilla under Bagerhat district and Rupsha upazilla under Khulna district.

Start Date: 00-01-1954

End Date: 00-12-2010

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Non-commodity: Adoption and mitigation technology

Objectives:

1. To find out the flood disaster risk reduction strategies, 2. To identify the local adaptation strategies against the flood disaster and 3. To explore the relationship between activities (pre and post flood) and flood disaster risk reduction and adaptation around the coastal area of Bangladesh.

Methodology:

The study was conducted in Pirojpur and Zianagar upazilla under Pirojpur district, Kachua and Morrelgong upazilla under Bagerhat district and Rupsha upazilla under Khulna district. From each upazilla two villages were selected for the specific study. This selection was made on the basis of flood occurrence in previous years (1954, 1955, 1974, 1987, 1988, 1998, 2004, 2007 and 2010). A total of 120 respondents of the selected villages constituted the population of the study. A pretested structured interview schedule containing both open and closed form questions was prepared. The interview schedule was pre-tested to identify faulty questions in the draft and necessary corrections and modification were made. The independent variables were measured as follows: Age of a respondent was measured by the period of time from his/her birth to the time of interview. Education level and environmental awareness of the respondents was measured on the basis of completed years of schooling by the respondent in the educational institutions. A score of one was given for each completed year of schooling and additional one is given for environmental awareness. Family size of a respondent was compute by counting the total members jointly lived together in the same family including respondents. Farm size (FS) of a respondent was determined by counting total area under farming operations and being estimated in terms of full benefit using following formula: FS = A₁ +A₂+ A₃ Here, A₁= Homestead area, A₂= Area under cultivation, A₃= Area under share cropping. Losses of livestock, rice, fish population, human health due to flood disaster was estimated in taka. Data about adaptation tools were collected by taking shelter belt, shallow tube-wall, cyclone center, embankment and boat in consideration. Data related to area of river and canals were collected from BBS report of different years. The dependent variables were measured as follows: Pre and post flood activities were measured on the basis of activities were taken by the local people to flood disaster risk reduction and adaptation. The pre-flood activities were miking around the coastal area, warning through radio and TV bulletin, enclosure of tube-well by polythene bag, shifting the people to cyclone center. The post-flood activities were food and water supply, activities of medical rescue team and agricultural inputs supply to the flood affected people. Data were collected to identify flood preparedness of the coastal area people. Local adaptation data were also collected to identify adaptation strategies of the coastal area people. For scoring one (1) mark was given if respondent adopt any of these post- flood activities. After completion of data collection, the collected raw data were coded, compiled, tabulated and analyzed by using SPSS computer package.

Source of Information: J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 6(1): 53 - 57, 2013; ISSN 1999-7361

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The findings indicated that the lower the education level and environmental awareness of the coastal area people the lower is the activities (pre and post) during flood disaster in flood disaster risk reduction and adaptation. The findings also indicated that the pre flood preparation is not enough for flood disaster risk reduction and adaptation around the coastal area of Bangladesh and adaptation tools were not sufficient for flood disaster risk reduction and adaptation around the coastal area s of Bangladesh.

Knowledge Management: Journal