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Efficacy of Some Rhizosphere Microorganisms in Controlling Fusarium Wilt of Tomato (lycopersicon Esculentum)

A. M. Sarker
Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

N. Sultana
Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

M. R. Islam
Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

M. Rashid
Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Z. R. Bhuian
Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was conducted at the Disease Diagnostic Laboratory and Net House of Plant Pathology Department, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka during July 2011 to June 2012 to investigate the efficacy of some antagonistic rhizosphere microorganisms against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici causing Fusarium wilt of tomato. Probable 20 antagonistic bacterial isolates and one antagonistic fungal isolate (Trichoderma harzianum) from rhizosphere soil were screened out against F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. Out of 20 bacterial isolates, only four (Iso-1, Iso-2, Iso-3 and Iso-4) were found effective in dual culture method. Out of all antagonists, Trichoderma harzianum produced the highest inhibition zone (75.75 %), while the lowest inhibition zone (28.39 %) was produced by Iso- 2. In blotter method, the highest prevalence of Fusarium oxysporum was observed in control (11.25%), while the lowest was in Iso-1 (0.58%) treated seeds.

Keywords: Rhizosphere microorganisms, Control, Fusarium wilt, Tomato

Location: Disease Diagnostic Laboratory and Net House, Plant Pathology Department, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka

Start Date: 00-07-2011

End Date: 00-06-2012

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Diseases, Tomato

Objectives:

To search for suitable antagonistic rhizosphere microorganisms against it.

Methodology:

For studying the antagonistic ability of Trichoderma herzianum and some bacterial antagonists against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici the antagonistic fungus as well as the bacterial isolates was isolated from rhizosphere soil. Bacteria were isolated by dilution plate method of Goszczynska and Serfontein (1998) and colony was purified on NA plates. Similarly, T.herzianum was isolated and purified on PDA plates following a standard method (Ashrafuzzaman, 1976). For the study F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici was isolated from seeds of tomato variety BARI tomato-2, collected from Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur. Prevalence of other fungi on the collected seeds was also studied by blotter method (ISTA, 1996). The antagonistic ability of the bacterial isolates was studied In-vitro following a dual culture method described by Azadeh et al. (2010). A 5 mm plug of the fungus F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici at the centre of a petri-dish containing 25 ml PDA, then the test bacterial isolate was streaked 3 cm away from the fungal plug both sides towards the edge of the plate by a loop loaded with 48 hr old bacterial culture. A control was maintained without streaking of bacteria in the plate. The test plates were then incubated at 28⁰C for 7 days. Similarly, for testing the antagonism of T. herzianum the dual culture technique described by Sundar et al. (1995). Discs of 5mm diameter of both the test fungi were cut with a sharp cork borer from the growing edge of the culture plate. A 5mm block (7 days old) of T. herzianum was placed to PDA plate on one side and another block of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici was placed at the other side. A plate only with the disc of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici at the centre was used as control. The test plates were then incubated at room temperature (25±2⁰C) until the mycelium of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici covers the whole plate. The inhibition percentage of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici was calculated using the formula suggested by Sundar et al. (1995).

Source of Information: The Agriculturists 11(2): 96- 103(2013) ISSN 2304-7321 (Online), ISSN 1729-5211 (Print), A Scientific Journal of Krishi Foundation

Article Link (Online Journal): http://banglajol.info/index.php/AGRIC/article/view/17494/12269

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Among all the microbial antagonists, Trichoderma harzianum was highly effective and among the bacterial isolates, Iso-1 was highly effective against F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. Different biochemical tests revealed that the bacterial isolates may be different species of Pseudomonas. Therefore, Trichoderma harzianum and bacterial isolate, Iso-1 could be used as biocontrol agents against F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici.

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