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Toxicity of Four Plant Based Products Against Three Stored Product Pests

Debashish Talukder
Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Laboratories, Rajshahi, Bangladesh

L A Muslima Khanam
Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Laboratories, Rajshahi, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Context: Plant essential oil play an important role in stored product pests protection. Emulsified oil can easily mix with water and also revealed the same insecticidal activity as essential oil of plants that could be used in store as well as in the field as an alternative synthetic insecticide. Objectives: The objective of this study is to investigate the efficacy of emulsified petroleum ether extract of Acorus calamus L. rhizome alone and three other combination of plant materials against three stored product pests, viz. Callosobruchus chinensis L., Sitophilus oryzae (L.) and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) in adult phase in laboratories condition. Materials and method– Petroleum ether extract of different plant parts were emulsified. The emulsified products were A. calamus rhizome alone, A. calamus + Corchorus capsularis L. seed, A. calamus + Thevetia neriifolia Juss. seed and A. calamus + Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. rhizome. The residual film technique method was conducted to determine the LC50 value of above mentioned plant extract against three stored product pests. Results: Noticeable mortality was noted for all species after 24 and 48 hours of the treatment with the emulsified products, although highest mortality of C. chinensis was observed with A. calamus alone after 24 hours but it varied at 48 hours where the A. calamus + T. neriifolia showed the most effective result. The LC50 values of A. calamus alone products were 13.30 and 6.59 μgcm-1 and for A. calamus + T. neriifolia were 18.37 and 4.45 μgcm-1 against C. chinensis adults after 24 and 48 hours treatment respectively. A. calamus + T. neriifolia products showed the lowest LC50 values (43.27 μgcm-1) against Sitophilus oryzae at 24 hours treatment but it varied at 48 hours where A. calamus (L.) alone (13.72 μgcm-1) was found to be the most effective toxicant. A. calamus alone showed the lowest LC.50 values (166.78 and 123.55 μgcm-1) against T. castaneum adults after 24 and 48 hours treatment. Conclusion: Use of plants in controlling insect infestation would offer desirable solutions, especially in developing tropical countries, where plants are found in abundance everywhere, throughout the year.

Keywords: Plant extract, Contact toxicity, Callosobruchus chinensis, Sitophilus oryzae, Tribolium castaneum.

Location: Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Laboratories, Rajshahi

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Extract (plant, seed)

Objectives:

The objective of this study is to investigate the efficacy of emulsified petroleum ether extract of Acorus calamus L. rhizome alone and three other combination of plant materials against three stored product pests, viz. Callosobruchus chinensis L., Sitophilus oryzae (L.) and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) in adult phase in laboratories condition.

Methodology:

Stock culture of C. chinensis and S. oryzae were maintained in separate 1000ml beaker on sterilized cowpea and maize at 30 ± 0.5⁰C in an incubator respectively. A standard mixture of whole wheat flour with powdered dry yeast in a ratio of 19:1 was used as food medium in case of T. castaneum reared. Seeds of C. capsularis, T. neriifolia, rhizomes of Z. cassumunar and A. calamus were procured from the different area of Rajshahi, Bangladesh. All the parts were dried in a shade and finally dried in an oven at 40⁰C. After drying these parts were crushed in a mortar and pestle and extracted by petroleum ether separately. Then extracted liquid was dried in a rotary evaporator and collected in a small reagent bottle, preserved at 4⁰C in a refrigerator. 5 ml A. calamus extract were mixed with 5ml of other plant extract separately. Then 5ml of 2.6% Sodium hydroxide solution in distil water were added and was stirred vigorously for 15 minutes. In case of A. calamus, 10 ml extract were mixed with 5 ml Sodium hydroxide solution (2.6%) in distilled water and stirred vigorously. Finally 15 ml of emulsified product of A. calamus + C. capsularis (Ac+Cc), A. calamus + T. neriifolia (Ac+Tn), A. calamus+ Z. cassumunar (Ac+Zc) and A. calamus (Ac) alone were prepared. To test insect mortality seven doses from four plants based emulsified product were prepared including control (only water). Ten days old of T. castaneum, S. oryzae, and C. chinensis were taken from the stock culture. Depending upon the susceptibility of the beetle's different experimental doses was taken which were selected after a preliminary test. The doses were 39.29, 78.59, 157.19, 314.38 μg cm-1 for S. oryzae and C. chinensis; 157.19, 314.38, 417.55, 628.72 μg cm-1for T. castaneum. All the above doses were prepared by mixing the requisite amounts of the plant based products with 10 ml water. The experiment was carried out adopting the method of residual film technique. For each test dose 1ml liquid was dropped on a Petri dish (9cm dia surface area 62.63 cm²) and then dried in an oven at 40⁰C for 4 hours. Ten adults insect from each of above group were then released on to the Petri dish and these were kept in an incubator at 30±1⁰C, 70% relative humidity. The mortality was assessed after 24 and 48 hours of the treatment. The percentage of the mortality was corrected using Abbott’s formula (Abbott 1925) and LC50 values were determined by probit analysis (Busvine 1971).

Source of Information: J. bio-sci. 17: 149-153, 2009 ISSN 1023-8654

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Use of plants in controlling insect infestation would offer desirable solutions, especially in developing tropical countries, where plants are found in abundance everywhere, throughout the year.

Knowledge Management: Journal