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Somaclonal Variation in Potato (solanum Tuberosum L.) Using Chemical Mutagens

M. E. Hoque
Dept. of Biotechnology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh

M. N. Morshad
Dept. of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was conducted with three popular potato varieties viz. Cardinal, Diamant and Asterix to create somaclonal variation in potato. The chemical mutagens viz. Ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS), Methyl methane sulphonate (MMS), 5-Bromo Uracil (BU) and 2,4-D were used in three different concentration (1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 mg/L). Among them only 2,4-D regenerated callus in potato. Higher concentration (4.0 mg/L) of 2,4-D showed variant type of callus, which regenerated abnormal plantlet and some of the plantlets died within 45 days after inoculation. The higher concentration (4.0 mg/L) of EMS, MMS and BU showed huge abnormality on in vitro regeneration in all three varieties of potato. Thin stem, deformed shoot development and very less leaf formation were observed in 2.0 mg/L and 4.0 mg/L of EMS, MMS and BU. Due to toxic effect some of the plantlets died. The mutagen treated variants were acclimatized in plastic tray and subsequently in the field condition. It was noticed that, only 37.16% plants survived in natural field condition. Morphological characterization and yield potentiality of all somaclones were studied. It revealed that only one variants viz. SVP-53 showed higher yield as compared with two check varieties. The first generation mini tubers were kept for further research.

Keywords: Somaclonal variation, Mutagen, Potato

Location: Tuber Crops Research Centre (TCRC), Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur.

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Potato

Objectives:

To create somaclone using different chemical mutagens to create economically important traits in potato.

Methodology:

The experimental materials were three popular varieties viz., Cardinal, Diamant and Asterix which were collected from the Tuber Crops Research Centre (TCRC), Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur. Fresh sprouts were used as explants. Those explants were washed with running tap water followed by dipping in 70% ethanol for 1 minute, then rinsed with double distilled water and dipped in 0.1% HgCl₂ for 2-3 minutes for surface sterilization. The explants were cultured in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium (1962) supplemented with three concentrations viz., 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 mg/L of each chemical mutagen, EMS (Ethyl Methane Sulphonate), MMS (Mthyl Methane Sulphonate), BU (5-Bromo-Uracil) and 2, 4-D. All these works were done under aseptic condition under Laminar Airflow Hood to avoid contamination. The culture vials were incubated on 3000 lux for 16:8 hour photoperiod at a temperature of 23±1 oC. The experiment was laid out in a completely Randomized Design (CRD) having two factors (variety and treatment) with three replications. Data were analyzed using MSTAT-C statistical program. The differences among the means were compared by the least significant different test at 5% level. Data were recorded on days to callus induction, callus size, callus weight, days to shoot initiation, days to root induction, regeneration of normal and abnormal plantlets. Autoclaved garden soil, sand and cowdung were mixed in the ratio of 1:2:1 and were placed in a plastic tray having 4×4 cm small chamber. The plantlets of 40-50 days having well developed roots were removed from culture vial and the roots were washed gently on running tap water. It was immediately transplanted into plastic tray and irrigated with fine spray of water and were kept in a shaded place. After 10-15 days the plantlets were transferred to the main field. Chemical mutagenic treated plantlets were named as SVP (somaclonal variant of potato) and numbering was done chronologically like SVP-01, SVP-02 etc. The mutagen-treated somaclonal variants were nourished under field condition. The whole experimental materials were covered by mosquito net to protect from viral infection through insect. All inter cultural operations were done whenever needed. Good crop management practices were followed to produce minitubers (1^stgeneration tuber) from the different SVP genotypes. Data were recorded on plant height, stem colour, leaf colour, leaf shape, number of tubers per plant, tuber size, tuber weight and yield per plant.

Source of Information: The Agriculturists 12(1): 15-25 (2014) ISSN 2304-7321 (Online), ISSN 1729-5211 (Print), A Scientific Journal of Krishi Foundation

Article Link (Online Journal): http://banglajol.info/index.php/AGRIC/article/view/19572/13536

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Somaclonal variation is an enabling technology which can be used in potato improvement. The mutagenic chemicals EMS, MMS, BU and 2, 4- D were used at three concentrations (1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 mg/L) to create somaclonal variations in potato. All the mutagens had negative effect on tissue culture in potato. Cases of death occurred in higher dose. Abnormal shoot development and less leaf formation was observed in the evaluated materials. Survival rates of newly created somaclones were only 17.18% at plastic tray and 37.16% at field condition. One hundred and twenty three somaclonal variants were evaluated under field condition with three check varieties in respect of agronomic traits and yield potentiality. Only one SVP 53 gave higher yield than the two check varieties. Hence, it can be evaluated in subsequent generation for varietal development of potato.

Knowledge Management: Journal