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Haemolytic Effects of Samanea Saman (jacq.), Tectona Grandis (l.) and Dipterocarpus Turbinatus (gaertn) Seed Extracts on Singhi Fish, Heteropneustes Fossilis (bloch)

MUNIRA NASIRUDDIN
Department of Zoology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong-4331, Bangladesh.

MOHAMMAD ALI AZADI
Department of Zoology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong-4331, Bangladesh.

SHABNAM CHOWDHURY
Department of Zoology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong-4331, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The haemolytic effects of distilled water, 50% ethyl alcohol and 100% ethyl alcohol extracts of three plant seeds, Fulkoroi (Samanea saman), shegoon (Tectona grandis) and Gargan (Dipterocarpus turbinatus) were studied on a predatory fish Heteropneustes fossilis under laboratoary conditions. Comparative data of control and treated fishes showed that the toxic components induced changes in the blood parameters. Piscicides inducing toxicity were evident from decreased RBC counts, low haemoglobin percentage and decreased PCV, MCV, MCH values but increased WBC counts. Haemolysis included shrunken or swollen RBC, granulated nuclei of RBC and pyknotic and swollen nuclei of WBC, cellular damage resulting in bare nuclei of RBC and WBC, clumping of RBC and syncitium of RBC matrix. Damage of blood cells with 100% ethyl alcohol extract was pronounced with all the seed extracts. The order of toxicity on the blood parameters statistically were T. grandis > S. saman > D. turbinatus seed extracts. On the basis of haemolysis of blood cell the effects were D. turbinatus > S. saman > T. grandis seed extracts.

Keywords: Haemolytic effects, Bloo parameters, Samanea saman, Tectona grandis, Dipterocarpus turbinatus, Seed extracts, Heteropneustes fossilis

Location: Chittagong University campus

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Carp fish

Objectives:

The present study would provide a baseline data on the effect of the plant seed extracts on some haematological parameters and blood cells of the fish

Methodology:

Seeds of Samanea saman, Tectona grandis and Dipterocarpus turbinatus locally called ‘Fulkoroi’, ‘Shegoon’ and ‘Garjan’ respectively were collected from Chittagong University campus. Seeds were collected from ripe fruits and pods, dried and preserved in separate air tight glass jars in the laboratory. In order to extract the toxicant, well dried seeds were grinded at first in a mortar, and then in an electric blender and sieved through a 0.0025 cm2 sieve. Ten grams of the grinded powder were dissolved with 100 ml of distilled water, 50% ethyl alcohol or 100% ethyl alcohol separately and thoroughly mixed by a magnetic stirrer. The resultant liquid was filtered through fine cloth to make up the stock solution. The five test concentrations (ppm) were calculated from this stock solution by appropriate dilution (APHA 1976). Healthy live fishes were collected from the local fish market of Chittagong city. Thefishes were maintained in a glass aquarium (60×30×30 cm) containing tap water and acclimatized for 3-4 hours in laboratory condition. The average total length of H. fossilis was 10.82 ? 0.96 cm and weight was 9.12?0.57 g respectively. Blood films of both control and treated fishes (middle dose of each experiment) were collected by cardiac puncture with the aid of needle, taken on clean greaseless slides, smeared, air dried and stained in Leishmans stain, to observe the changes of blood cells. Blood was drawn in RBC and WBC pipettes with a haemocytometer to count the RBC and WBC. Blood was also collected in a haemometer to measure the haemoglobin content. Total number of RBC and WBC were estimated using the method of Raphael (1983). Haemoglobin was measured with Sahli’s haemometer. The absolute blood parameters i.e. packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) were evaluated following Bhatt and Farswan (1992). The “t” test was applied to determine level of significance of statistical analysis made between the values of normal versus treated blood parameters of each of the plant seed extracts. Microphotographs were taken with a compound microscope (Microcos- Austria MC- 100 microscope) having photographic attachment (Canon Power Shot A-640 camera, Japan) under x1000 magnification.

Source of Information: J. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 38(1): 83-91, June 2012

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Comparative data of control and treated fishes showed that the toxic components induced changes in the blood parameters. Piscicides inducing toxicity were evident from decreased RBC counts, low haemoglobin percentage and decreased PCV, MCV, MCH values but increased WBC counts. Haemolysis included shrunken or swollen RBC, granulated nuclei of RBC and pyknotic and swollen nuclei of WBC, cellular damage resulting in bare nuclei of RBC and WBC, clumping of RBC and syncitium of RBC matrix. Damage of blood cells with 100% ethyl alcohol extract was pronounced with all the seed extracts. The order of toxicity on the blood parameters statistically were T. grandis > S. saman > D. turbinatus seed extracts. On the basis of haemolysis of blood cell the effects were D. turbinatus > S. saman > T. grandis seed extracts. Key

Knowledge Management: Journal