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Water Productivity for Boro Rice Production: Study on Floodplain Beels in Rajshahi, Bangladesh

Md. Istiaque Hossain
Department of Fisheries, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh

Chamhuri Siwar
Department of Fisheries, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh

Mazlin Bin Mokhtar
Department of Fisheries, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh

Madan Mohan Dey
Aquaculture Economics and Marketing Aquaculture/Fisheries Center University of Arkansas Pine Bluff, USA

Abd. Hamid Jaafar
Graduate Program Coordinator Faculty of Business, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

Md. Mahmudul Alam
Department of Fisheries, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Context: Water productivity is considered as an important indicator of Agriculture productivity because of the scarcity of freshwater. More yield or output against same or less amount of water has become the global interest. Objectives: This study measures the productivity of water on the floodplain land in terms of Boro rice cultivation for two floodplain beels in Rajshahi Bangladesh. Materials & Methods: For this study, the production and market price data were collected by direct observation based on 30 samples in the year 2006-07. Results: This study found gross water productivity of rice yield as 0.47 kg m-3 in beel Mail and 0.43 kg m-3 in beel Chandpur. In monetary value, water productivity per cubic meter irrigation water were TK 5.65, TK 3.42 and TK 2.64 based on gross return, net return considering cash costs and net return considering full costs in beel Mail. In beel Chandpur these values were TK 5.19 m-3, TK 2.87 m-3 and TK 2.14 m-3, respectively. The usage of average irrigated water in the boro rice farms were estimated 10730.05 m-3 and 11236 m-3 with an average production of yield 4992.95 kg and 4783.20 kg in beel Mail and beel Chandpur. Statistical result shows that keeping irrigation water constant, a 1% increase of boro rice yield will increase water productivity at 0.916% in beel Mail and 0.972% in beel Chandpur. The water productivity in beel Mail was 4.65% higher than beel Chandpur due to the intervention of community based fish culture management. Conclusion: The findings of this study will help to govern and improve production by proper utilizing floodplain lands.

Keywords: Water productivity, Boro production, Floodplain, Bangladesh, Beel.

Location: Two beels which are situated in Mohanpurupazila of Bangladesh. Mohanpur is a - upazila under Rajshahi district

Start Date: 00-00-2006

End Date: 00-00-2007

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

This study measures the productivity of water on the floodplain land in terms of Boro rice cultivation for two floodplain beels in Rajshahi Bangladesh.

Methodology:

Study Area: The study was conducted on two beels which are situated in Mohanpurupazila of Bangladesh. Mohanpur is a - upazila under Rajshahi district. It is situated between 240 28’ and 240 38’ North latitude and between 880 34’ and 880 43’ east latitude having an area of 162.65 sq km. The beel Mail is an open beel that is shallow depressions where land is converted to Agriculture while permanent water is limited to deeper areas during dry season (Thompson et al. 1999) connected nearby a local Shiba River, which further connected to Padma river basin. This floodplain beel is mainly privately owned lands with total 100 hectare area of which 15 hectare government Khas lands having water availability for 5-6 month. After flood draw down the beel completely drains out the water during dry season leaving fertile land suitable for rice cultivation. Melandi, Goalpara, Dangapara and Moheskundi villagers are the main beneficiaries of this beel. The beel Chandpur is also mostly privately owned lands with total 202.43 hectares of land of which 9.15 hectares of land are Government’s khas land. The depth of water is 1.5 to 3.5 meters having 5-6 months of water during the wet season. This beel is connected with Barnoi River, which further connected to Padma basin. Farmers mainly grow Boro rice at the dry season and some are growing Amon crops in the low level area during the wet season. There are 5 villages surrounding the beel area namely Batupara, Horiphala, Chandpur, Chuniapara and Nondonhut. Data Collection: In the study beels farmers started Boro rice cultivation in December 2006. The land soaking, land preparation and transplantation of each site were done from 3rd week of December to 2nd week of January 2007. The growth of rice crop was seen from 2nd or 3rd week of January to 3rd or 4th week of April 2007. As a sample of 30 farms were taken at each site for monitoring production, and the yields were valued with prevailing market price. Irrigation and rainfall water were normally used for rice crop cultivation, but the rainfall water was found to be very negligible for Boro rice crop cultivation during dry season. So the amount of rainfall water and nonbeneficial water consumption (loss of water for irrigation system) in rice farms were not considered for measuring WP in this study. The monitoring of WP by boro rice yield at dry season was divided into two parts, direct observation and interview of landowners of various boro rice farms for inputs and outputs of rice production and direct observation of irrigated water amount in rice fields. Data collection was done separately for large farms, medium farms and small farms, and during four periods namely seedling, land preparation, weeding and harvesting periods. However, 11 visits were done for irrigation water amount monitoring at rice fields during land soaking, vegetation phage, production phage and ripening phage. Production of rice yield and irrigated water application per unit area of rice farms were estimated by interviewing the farm households as well as observing the amount of irrigation water application at the farm level. Per hectare average yield of boro rice crop was estimated by the total production boro rice yield divided by the total cultivable area in sample rice farms. If the depth of irrigation water per hectare is 1mm, it is then considered that 103m water has been used per hectare for irrigation purpose. Models and Estimations: Water use efficiency (WUE), irrigation efficiency (IE), and water productivity (WP) has been defined according to use, field of research and stakeholder. Crop physiologists defined WUE as carbon assimilated and crop yield per unit of transpiration (Viets, 1962), and then later as the amount of produce (biomass or marketable yield) per unit of evapotranspiration (ET).

Source of Information: J. bio-sci. 21: 123-136, 2013 ISSN 1023-8654

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It was found that WP values were higher in beel Mail than the beel Chandpur due to intervention of community based fish culture. In dry season land preparation cost was less in beel Mail area because water was reserved for fish culture till boro rice cultivation so that land was swallow and no weed.

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