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Morphological and Cytological Effects of Two Herbicides on Tetraploid Wheat (triticum Durum L.)

M H Razu
Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh

S Zaman
Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh

R Akhter
Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh

M M Rahman
Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh

M Hamidur Rahaman
Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh

M A Mazid
Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh

G Kabir
Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Context: In order to control weeds many chemicals are being used which may change the morphological and cytological constitution of plant. Objectives: To study the morphological and cytological effects of herbicides on tetraploid wheat. Materials and Methods: Two herbicides namely, Topstar and Fielder with three different concentrations of each were used along with control in the present study. Seeds of tetraploid wheat were treated for 6 hours with each concentration and some of the treated seeds were allowed to germinate in the petri dishes, while some were sown in the earthen pot. Morphological study was done for both laboratory and pot grown plants. In case of cytological study, mitotic data was recorded using the root tip cells and meiotic data was collected from inflorescence at pre-mature stage of pot grown plant. Results: In this experiment, data on morphological study such as germination percentage, days required in germination, coleoptile length, root length, plant height, ear length, tiller-number/pot, seed/ear, grain-weight/ear and 100 grain-weight indicated that treatment with Fielder decreased these characters with the increase of doses. In case of plant height, Topstar showed increased result than Fielder and control. Moreover, characters like ear length and seed/ear showed little variation among the doses of Topstar compared to control. Similarly, data on cytological study such as interphase chromosome volume (ICV), mitotic index (MI), % of pollen sterility, mitotic and meiotic abnormalities were found to be increased with increasing concentration of both herbicides. Main chromosomal irregularities were chromosome fragments, bridges, laggards, single and multiple chromatid bridges with laggard or fragment, stickiness etc. Conclusion: From the study of morphological and cytological effects of two herbicides along with control it can be concluded that these chemicals had adverse impacts which reduced the yield of wheat.

Keywords: Tetraploid wheat, Morphological effect, Cytological effect, Herbicides.

Location: Professor S Alam Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-11-2011

End Date: 00-02-2012

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Wheat

Objectives:

To study the morphological and cytological effects of herbicides on tetraploid wheat.

Methodology:

This experiment was conducted in Professor S Alam Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh during the winter of 2011-2012. Seeds of Triticum durum L. were used as plant material. Topstar (C15H14CI2N2O3) and Fielder ((C8H6C12O6) were used as chemical herbicides and distilled water was used for control. Three different concentrations, D1(0.05%), D2(0.10%) and D3(0.25%) of the two herbicides were prepared of which D1 was the recommended dose while D2 and D3 were the higher doses. Before germination approximately 415 dry wheat seeds were taken (according to the suggestions of International Seed Testing Association) for treatment and were soaked in three different doses (aqueous solution) of both the herbicides in separate beakers. After 6 hours, the treated seeds were washed thoroughly with tap water. The seeds for control were also presoaked in distilled water for the same period of time. Part of the seeds were allowed to germinate in the laboratory at room temperature (25°-30°C) whereas, the other part were sown in the pot. Morphological study was done for both the plants grown in laboratory and pot. For mitotic study, germinated roots of 1.0-1.5cm in length were fixed in acetic acid: ethanol (1:3) solution for 48 hours and stored in 70% ethanol. Chromosomes were stained with 0.5% haematoxylin following the method of Haque et al. (1976). Data were recorded on interphase chromosome volume (ICV), mitotic index (MI) and various mitotic abnormalities from different stages of the experiment. The nuclear volume (NV) was calculated using the formula for a sphere, NV = 4/3 πr³ (Nayar et al. 1970). The mean nuclear volume divided by the somatic chromosome number gave the ICV. For meiotic study, young inflorescences from pot plants of various treatments along with control were collected and immediately fixed in Carnoy’s fixative (6 ethanol: 3 chloroform: 1 acetic acid). After 48 hours, these inflorescences were transferred to 70% ethanol. To collect data on meiotic abnormalities and pollen sterility, temporary slides were prepared from suitable anthers by acetocarmine smear technique. DMRT estimation of all the parameters was analyzed statistically by MSTAT-C package.

Source of Information: J. bio-sci. 20: 143-151, 2012, ISSN 1023-8654

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

From the foregoing results and discussion, it can be concluded that the higher concentration of chemical like herbicides has various bad impacts on morphological and cytological characters of wheat (Triticum durum L.) which are strongly related to the loss of yield and yield traits. A sense of awareness should be build up among our farmers to keep the use of herbicides at minimum level. Moreover, alternative measures like biological control of weeds should be made popular among the farmers which is environmentally friendly and have no such adverse effects on crop plants.

Knowledge Management: Journal