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A Longitudinal Study to Identify the Causes of Mortality in Fayoumi and Rhode Island Red Chickens and the Immune Status of the Birds Against Newcastle Disease

Suman Das Gupta
Department of Microbiology, Chittagong Veterinary & Animal Sciences University, Khulshii, Chittagong 4202, Bangladesh,

Paritosh Kumar Biswas
Department of Microbiology, Chittagong Veterinary & Animal Sciences University, Khulshii, Chittagong 4202, Bangladesh,

M Nural Anwar
Department of Microbiology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh,

Bhobesh Chandra Dey
Pahartali Zonal Poultry Farm (PZPF), Pahartali, Chittagong 4202, Bangladesh

Nitish Chandra Debnath1
Department of Microbiology, Chittagong Veterinary & Animal Sciences University, Khulshii, Chittagong 4202, Bangladesh,

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

With a prospective longitudinal study undertaken between November 2005 and July 2006 survival rates and disease status of Fayoumi and Rhode Island Red (RIR) chickens, reared at a government poultry farm, Pahartali Zonal Poultry Farm (PZPF), were assessed. Immune status of these chickens against Newcastle disease (ND) was also determined by estimating the haemagglutination inhibition (HI) titre to Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in blood sera of the chickens. The results showed that, at the end of the 37 week, the survival rate of the Fayoumi and RIR chickens were 87 and 81% respectively. The difference of the survival rates between the two groups was significant (p <0.05). Among the diseases, coccidiosis was the predominant disease affecting both the populations. The incidence rate of coccidiosis, coccidiosis plus enteritis, salmonellosis, colibacillosis and heat stroke in Fayoumi and RIR chickens was 0.095 and 0.135, 0.064 and 0.057, 0.007 and 0.010, 0.006 and 0.012, and 0.017 and 0.016 respectively. The HI titre dynamics showed that, in case of Fayoumi (except 1st month), HI titre was always >log2 6.4, which was well above the protective threshold. Like Fayoumi, the highest level of HI titre (>log2 6.9) to NDV in the RIR chickens was recorded in the same month and almost identical ranges of HI titres to NDV were recorded in both Fayoumi and RIR chickens throughout the study period.

Keywords: Fayoumi chickens, Rhode Island Red (RIR) chickens, Newcastle disease (ND), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), Survival rate,

Location: Pahartali Zonal Poultry Farm (PZPF)

Start Date: 00-11-2005

End Date: 00-07-2006

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Chicken

Objectives:

To observe the important diseases affecting the chickens in a government farm along with the immune status of these birds against ND.

Methodology:

Place, period and nature of the study: It was a prospective longitudinal study. The study was undertaken between November 2005 and July 2006. The Fayoumi and Rhode Island Red (RIR) chickens, which are the parent breeds of Sonali, were observed during this period at a government poultry farm Pahartali Zonal Poultry Farm (PZPF), Chittagong. All laboratory works related to this study were undertaken at the Department of Microbiology, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU), Chittagong, Bangladesh. Study populations and their management One flock of each of Fayoumi and RIR with the flock size 2,750 and 1,250 birds respectively were started observing from the date of their placement at the age of day 1 into two well-separated poultry sheds. This sheds had walls (made up with bricks and cement) and bottom decimetres made of concrete; windows were covered with movable curtains. The birds were supplied with balanced ration prepared by the own feed mill of the farm. Three types of ration were formulated and supplied to the observed birds: starter, grower and layer according to their ages. The major ingredients used for a ration were maize, rice polish, soybean meal, protein concentrate and oyster shell.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 24, Number 1, June 2007, pp 47-51

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The results showed that, at the end of the 37 week, the survival rate of the Fayoumi and RIR chickens were 87 and 81% respectively. The difference of the survival rates between the two groups was significant (p <0.05). Among the diseases, coccidiosis was the predominant disease affecting both the populations. The incidence rate of coccidiosis, coccidiosis plus enteritis, salmonellosis, colibacillosis and heat stroke in Fayoumi and RIR chickens was 0.095 and 0.135, 0.064 and 0.057, 0.007 and 0.010, 0.006 and 0.012, and 0.017 and 0.016 respectively. The HI titre dynamics showed that, in case of Fayoumi (except 1st month), HI titre was always >log2 6.4, which was well above the protective threshold. Like Fayoumi, the highest level of HI titre (>log2 6.9) to NDV in the RIR chickens was recorded in the same month and almost identical ranges of HI titres to NDV were recorded in both Fayoumi and RIR chickens throughout the study period.

Knowledge Management: Journal