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Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance for Yield and Yield Contributing Characters in Tomato (lycopersicon Esculentum Mill.)

M. S. R. Khanom
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. H. K. Khan
Upazila Fisheries Officer, Barhatta, Netrakona, Bangladesh

L. Hassan
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The experiment was conducted during rabi season, 2003-2004 at the Field Laboratory of the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. Genotypic variability, heritability and genetic advance for yield and yield contributing characters were studied on 55 tomato genotypes. Data were recorded on number of primary branches per plant, days to first flowering, plant height, number of bunches per plant, number of fruits per plant, individual fruit weight, number of seeds per fruit, dry matter content of fruits, pH level of fruit juice and yield per plant. Very little differences were observed between genotypic coefficient of variation and phenotypic coefficient of variation for all the characters except dry matter content and yield per plant indicating that they were less influenced to environmental factors for their phenotypic expression. High heritability estimates coupled with high genetic advance in percentage of mean were obtained for number of primary branches per plant, number of days to first flowering, plant height, number of bunches per plant, number of fruits per plant, individual fruit weight and number of seeds per fruit indicating wide scope for improvement through selection of these traits.

Keywords: Variability, Heritability, Genetic advance, Tomato

Location: Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-00-2003

End Date: 00-00-2004

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Tomato

Objectives:

To explore the characters highly responsible for the yield of tomato by estimating variability, heritability and genetic advance of different characters.

Methodology:

The experimental materials comprised of 55 genotypes of tomato of which 35 were taken from Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), 11 from Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), 7 from Asian Vegetables Research and Development Centre (AVRDC), one from Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU) and one from Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA). The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications each at the Field Laboratory of the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, BAU during rabi season 2003-2004. Plot size was 3.0 sq. m. (2.5m X 1.2m) each. Row to row distance was 60cm and plant to plant distance was 50cm. Standard agronomic practices were followed whenever necessary. Parameters studied in the experiment were number of primary branches per plant, number of days to first flowering, plant height, number of bunches per plant, number of fruits per plant, individual fruit weight, number of seeds per fruit, dry matter content, pH level of ripe fruits and yield per plant. Data were recorded on an individual plant basis from three randomly selected plants per genotype in a replicate. Out of the ten characters chosen for study, data on number of primary branches per plant, number of days to first flowering, plant height and number of bunches per plant were recorded in the field conditions. The remaining characters were recorded in the laboratory conditions after harvest. Genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were estimated by the formula of Singh and Chaudhury (1985). Heritability in broad sense was estimated according to the method of Johnson et al. (1955). In order to assess genetic advance, the formula of Johnson et al. (1955) was used. The genetic advance in percentage of mean was calculated by the formula used by Comstock and Robinson (1952).

Source of Information: Progress. Agric. 19(1) : 1-5, 2008 ISSN 1017-8139

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The characters plant height, number of branches and fruits per plant, individual fruit weight and number of seeds per fruit showed comparatively high genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation. Genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) of all the characters varied between 2.494 and 31.473 while phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) ranged between 4.930 and 33.484. Very little differences between GCV and PCV were observed for all the characters except dry matter content and yield per plant indicating that there was little influence of environmental factors on their phenotypic expression. Dry matter content and yield per plant obtained relatively higher values for PCV than that of GCV suggesting that yield of tomato is vulnerable to environmental fluctuations. Similar results for the differences between GCV and PCV were observed for number of seeds per fruit and yield per plant. The highest value of heritability was observed for individual fruit weight followed by number of days to first flowering and number of seeds per fruit, while the lowest value was found for dry matter content of tomato fruits. Although high heritability estimates have been found to be helpful in making selection of superior genotypes on the basis of phenotypic performance. High heritability estimates coupled with high genetic advance in percentage of mean for number of primary branches per plant, number of days to first flowering, plant height, number of bunches per plant, number of fruits per plant, individual fruit weight and number of seeds per fruit were obtained suggesting a wide scope for improvement through selection of these traits. The quality characters like pH and dry matter content of tomato fruits exhibited very low values of heritability and genetic advance in percentage of mean. Moreover GCV and PCV for these characters were low. This suggests that selection for these two quality characters would not be effective. Besides, number of days to first flowering and yield per plant showed high to moderate heritability associated with moderate genetic gain the scope of improvement of this character by direct selection would be limited. This variation might be due to high macro environmental influence in flowering tomato.

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