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Sero-epidemiological Investigation on Peste Des Petits Ruminants in Black Bengal Goats

Kamol Kishire Das
Department of Microbiology & Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh,

Niraj Kanti Shil
Department of Medicine,Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.

M Rafiqul Islam
Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka 1344,Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A natural outbreak suspecting PPR (peste des petits ruminants) was thoroughly investigated and confirmed by monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based enzyme immuno slide assay (EISA). Nasal discharge in early stage of disease course, diarrhoeic faeces and lung as a post-mortem sample was a source of sufficient virus to be detected by this technique. Convalescent polyclonal sera from the recovered animal diagnosed as PPR by EISA revealed high antibody titre by competitive-ELISA. It was found that EISA is suitable, sensitive and specific to confirm PPR infection in both field and laboratory conditions especially in developing country. In the affected houses morbidity and mortality rate was 74.13% and 54.83% respectively and observed high in the age group of 5-8 weeks, but sex difference was not significant. Early rainy season (July 2006) was the period of the present outbreak. Sero-positive animal closer to the outbreak area concluded that virus was circulating in the experimental area of Mymensingh district. Vaccinated sero-nagative animal could withstand the natural disease onset. Purchase of new animal from market and grazing in the same field with infected goats was the source of present outbreak.

Keywords: Sero-epidemiological investigation,Peste Des Petits Ruminants, Black Bengal Goats

Location: Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-07-2006

End Date:

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Goat

Objectives:

To Study the Sero-Epidemiological Investigation on Peste Des Petits Ruminants in Black Bengal Goats

Methodology:

Study population: The study was carried out in six houses in a village (Napterali) at Mymensingh district with a natural field outbreak suspected to be peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in goats. Apparently healthy goats (n = 38) without vaccination history were also investigated in nearby houses with a distance of 0.5 to 1 kilometres. Clinical study The disease courses of the infected animal were observed and recorded. Investigation of clinical signs and symptoms was concluded primarily as PPR. Among the studied population, 23 goats were found to be infected and later 17 goats died. Test sample Nasal and oral swabs were taken on cotton swabs at 4-6 days of the disease onset. Faecal swabs were collected after onset of diarrhoea. Necropsy examination of dead goats was performed and lung, spleen, lymph nodes and intestines were collected aseptically and kept at -80ºC. Polyclonal test sera of six convalescent goats and healthy goats were collected and stored at -20ºC until further use.EISA technique Reference PPR virus as antigen and monoclonal antibodies used for the study were obtained from C-ELISA kit (IAEA and BDSLUK). EISA test was conducted in samples coated glass slides or in 12 wells glass plates after acetone fixation5. Smears were prepared using nasal, oral discharges and diarrhoeic faeces. Cotton swabbing of the infected tissue samples (lung, spleen, lymph nodes and intestines) were performed aseptically before smearing on slide or plate. The smear was air dried and fixed in ice cold acetone for 15 min, used immediately or kept at 4ºC for further use. In brief, monoclonal antibodies against PPR virus (1:100 in PBS) was added at an amount of 50 μl/smear/well, while plate or negative control was kept using 50 μl/well blocking buffer solution. For every assay the PPR antigens (reference) were kept as positive control. Slide/plates were incubated at 37ºC for an hour and wash with PBS (1:5) and air dried. After drying, 50 μl of anti-mouse IgG conjugate (1:1000 in buffer solution) was added to all wells. The slide was then incubated at 37°C for 1 h. Fifty microlitre of ortho-phenylendiamine (Sigma, UK) mixed with hydrogen peroxide (1:200) was added to each well and incubated for 15 min at room temperature. The reaction was stopped by the addition of 50 μl of sulphuric acid (6.8%) and examined by naked eyes (golden yellow colour change in positive cases) or optical densities of the samples were measured at 492 nm with a computerized ELISA reader.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 24, Number 2, December 2007, pp 143-145

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It was found that EISA is suitable, sensitive and specific to confirm PPR infection in both field and laboratory conditions especially in developing country. In the affected houses morbidity and mortality rate was 74.13% and 54.83% respectively and observed high in the age group of 5-8 weeks, but sex difference was not significant. Early rainy season (July 2006) was the period of the present outbreak. Sero-positive animal closer to the outbreak area concluded that virus was circulating in the experimental area of Mymensingh district. Vaccinated sero-nagative animal could withstand the natural disease onset. Purchase of new animal from market and grazing in the same field with infected goats was the source of present outbreak.

Knowledge Management: Journal