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Black Quarter (bq) Disease in Cattle and Diagnosis of Bq Septicaemia Based on Gross Lesions and Microscopic Examination

Mahmuda Sultana
Department of Microbiology, Chittagong Veterinary & Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chittagong 4202, Bangladesh,

Abdul Ahad
Department of Microbiology, Chittagong Veterinary & Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chittagong 4202, Bangladesh,

Paritosh Kumar Biswas
Department of Microbiology, Chittagong Veterinary & Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chittagong 4202, Bangladesh,

M Ashiqur Rahman
Department of Medicine & Surgery, Chittagong Veterinary & Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chittagong 4202, Bangladesh

Himel Barua
Department of Microbiology, Chittagong Veterinary & Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chittagong 4202, Bangladesh,

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Black quarter (BQ) is an acute, infectious disease caused by Clostridium chauvoei – a Gram-positive, anaerobic organism. This disease is characterized by inflammation with gaseous oedema of skeletal muscle and severe toxaemia. This study was done in Upazilla Veterinary Hospital at Raozan in Chittagong from June to August 2006. During the study period, 25 cases of BQ in cattle were found in eight Unions. Among them the highest (32%) proportion of BQ was found in Raozan Union. Frequency of BQ according to demographic variable was: age incidence of >12 month (60%), male (60%), breed of Red Chittagong (44%), body condition score (BCS) of BCS-2 (88%), and affected body part involving hind quarter muscle (35%). Death was observed with 73% cases. In case of animals that were suffered from BQ, septicaemia developed after 12 h of onset of clinical signs and symptoms. Treatment was ineffective in advanced septicaemic stage. Antibiotic therapy was found to be effective when administered within 12 h of the clinical symptoms.

Keywords: Black quarter, Clostridium chauvoei, Demographic variable, Septicaemia, Antibiotic therapy

Location: Upazilla Veterinary Hospital at Raozan in Chittagong

Start Date: 00-06-2006

End Date: 00-08-2006

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Cattle

Objectives:

1.To investigate the distribution of black quarter (BQ) disease withrespect to age, sex and breed of cattle in different Unions of Upazilla Raozan in Chittagong

2.To diagnose the septicaemia condition of BQ based on gross lesions and microscopic examination

Methodology:

Subjects: The study was carried out at Upazilla Veterinary Hospital at Raozan in Chittagong during the period from June to August 2006. Information about the total animal population of that Upazilla was taken from recorded data preserved at Upazilla Veterinary Hospital under the Department of Livestock Service. During the period 25 cases of black quarter (BQ) in eight Unions were found and they were included in this study. The cases were selected according to presumptive diagnosis, e.g., clinical history and clinical sign and laboratory diagnosis Scoring: Animals were scored according to physical structure and nutritive conditions and were classified into two groups. Body condition score (BCS)-2: This is indication of moderate body condition of the animals. Animals having hip bone and spinous process of thoracic vertebrae are less prominent due to cover with flesh and less amount of fat are categorized into this group. Body condition score (BCS)-3: It indicates the good body condition of the animals. Here, the animals having the hip bone and spinous process of thoracic vertebra are covered with moderate amount of fat.Diagnostic procedure: Diagnosis of BQ was done on the basis of clinical history, antemortem findings, post-mortem findings and laboratory examination of clinical specimens. In case of ante-mortem findings, lameness mainly in affected limb was found. Initially affected areas were swollen, hot and painful. Later stage swelling spread and characteristic crackling sound were produced when pressed with hand. Other signs were high fever (104-106°F), depression, complete anorexia, reluctance to move was observed in affected animals. In case of post-mortem findings, typical bloated appearance of carcass were seen immediately after death, skin over swelling was dry and discoloured. On incision of affected side released frothy dark red blood.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 25, Number 1, June 2008, pp 13-16

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

During the study period, 25 cases of BQ in cattle were found in eight Unions. Among them the highest (32%) proportion of BQ was found in Raozan Union. Frequency of BQ according to demographic variable was: age incidence of >12 month (60%), male (60%), breed of Red Chittagong (44%), body condition score (BCS) of BCS-2 (88%), and affected body part involving hind quarter muscle (35%). Death was observed with 73% cases. In case of animals that were suffered from BQ, septicaemia developed after 12 h of onset of clinical signs and symptoms. Treatment was ineffective in advanced septicaemic stage. Antibiotic therapy was found to be effective when administered within 12 h of the clinical symptoms.

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