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Microbiological Profile of the Traditionally Collected Industrial Raw Milk from the Milk Pocket Zones of Bangladesh

Gouranga C Chanda
Chittagong Veterinary & Animal Sciences University, Khulsi, Chittagong 4202, Bangladesh.

Gazi M Noor Uddin
Departrment of Dairy & Poultry Science, Chittagong Veterinary & Animal Sciences University, Khulsi, Chittagong 4202, Bangladesh,

Aparna Deb
Youth Training Centre, Halishahar Housing Estate (Baropool),Chittagong 4216, Bangladesh,

Tahmina Bilkis
Departrment of Dairy & Poultry Science, Chittagong Veterinary & Animal Sciences University, Khulsi, Chittagong 4202, Bangladesh,

Sharmin Chowdhury
Department of Pathology & Parasitology, Chittagong Veterinary & Animal Sciences University, Khulsi, Chittagong 4202, Bangladesh,

M Basir Uddin
Pals Agrovet, 89-90 Agrabad C/A, Chittagong 4100, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The study was aimed to evaluate the bacteriological profile of the traditionally collected industrial raw milk from the milk pocket zones of Bangladesh. About 365 raw milk samples were collected from the milk tanker, who brought raw milk from the mother chilling centre where raw milk was chilled at 4^oC following traditional method. All milk samples were subjected to perform standard plate count and total coliform count. The average standard plate count was found to be 4.37 x 10⁶ cfu/ml and the highest occurrence of standard plate count was found to be 6.70 x 10⁶ cfu/ml in October and the lowest (3.28 x 10⁶ cfu/ml) in March. The highest occurrence of total viable bacteria was found to be 5.64 x 10⁶ cfu/ml in autumn and the lowest was found to be 3.78 x 10⁶ cfu/ml in summer. On the other hand, the average of the coliform bacterial count was found to be 3.88 x 10⁵ cfu/ml with the highest (5.70 x 105 cfu/ml) occurrence in May and the lowest (1.90 x 10⁵ cfu/ml) in January. Moreover, the highest occurrence of coliform count was found to be 4.84 x 10⁵cfu/ml in rainy season and the lowest was 2.75 x 10⁵ cfu/ml found in winter.

Keywords: Microbiological profile,Industrial raw milk,Milk pocket zone

Location: Baghabari, Bera, Demra and Chatmohar

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Food Safety and Security

Commodity: Milk

Objectives:

To find out the total number of viable bacteria and coliform bacteria in traditionally collected raw milk in the milk pocket area of Bangladesh.

Methodology:

Study area: Baghabari, Bera, Demra and Chatmohar Thana of Pabna district were selected for this study. These areas are knows as milk pocket zone of Bangladesh. Farmers were selected and brought under an agreement that they will supply milk to keep smooth flow of milk to the factory. These areas are covered with Jamuna River, its branches and merged under water up to 4 months in a year. During winter, so many lands of these areas are used as pastthis period where the cattle and buffaloes are brought under free range system. The farmers were selected and contracted considering the commercial point of view, i.e., suitable and beneficial for the company. Collection of raw milk from the milk pocket zones: Raw milk has been collected from this area by Milk Vita and other private dairies like Pran, Arang, Amo, Iglo, Bikrampur Dairy etc. The farmers of this area know better management system of domestic animals than the farmers of the other parts of the country. This is due to better animal healthcare and other technical facilities provided by the Milk Vita and other private dairy industries. However, they fail to maintain standard milking system due to illiteracy, lack of awareness about the prevention of microbial contamination, lack of training about health and hygiene. Milk Vita used to collect milk from its members as this organization runs following cooperative system. But the private dairies used to have milk from the contract farmers who are or are not the member of the Milk Vita. Farmers used to perform milking following traditional method. Then milk is brought to neighbouring chilling sub-centre in the milk-can by travelling around 10 miles by rickshaw or van and sometimes by motor vehicles without any preservatives. Thus, there occurs accumulation of milk from different cows of different farmers’ house. It is very surprising and interesting that quality control personnel accept the milk based on organoleptic test and some physicochemical parameters, e.g., colour, flavour, taste, acidity, pH, fat content, specific gravity etc. instead of any microbiological parameter. The price is given based on fat content of raw milk. Then all the collected milk is chilled at 4oC immediately in the chilling sub-centre. From the chilling sub-centre, raw milk is brought to the mother chilling centre at Baghabari Ghat where organoleptic tests and other physicochemical tests are performed again. Then the milk is chilled at below 4^oC at least for 72 h before delivery to the factory.Enumeration of total number of viable and coliform bacteria: For transportation of raw milk from the mother chilling centre to the factory a specially designed tanker is used in which 4oC temperature is maintained. Soon after the arrival of milk to the factory, the milk is received based on organoleptic tests and other necessary physicochemical tests. Raw milk samples were collected aseptically from the tanker for microbiological tests. In this study 365 raw milk samples (one in every day for whole one year) were collected and tested throughout the year. All of the samples were subjected to perform standard plate count for total number of viable bacteria and coliform count for the enteric bacteria. All of the tests were performed according to the standard methods for the examination of dairy products according to American Association of Public Health (APHA)⁸. The tests were repeated three times for reproducibility and accuracy.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 25, Number 1, June 2008, pp 17-20

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

All milk samples were subjected to perform standard plate count and total coliform count. The average standard plate count was found to be 4.37 x 106 cfu/ml and the highest occurrence of standard plate count was found to be 6.70 x 106 cfu/ml in October and the lowest (3.28 x 106 cfu/ml) in March. The highest occurrence of total viable bacteria was found to be 5.64 x 106 cfu/ml in autumn and the lowest was found to be 3.78 x 106 cfu/ml in summer. On the other hand, the average of the coliform bacterial count was found to be 3.88 x 105 cfu/ml with the highest (5.70 x 105 cfu/ml) occurrence in May and the lowest (1.90 x 105 cfu/ml) in January. Moreover, the highest occurrence of coliform count was found to be 4.84 x 105 cfu/ml in rainy season and the lowest was 2.75 x 105 cfu/ml found in winter.

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