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Effects of Inoculation with Rhizobium and Arbuscular Mycorrhiza and Phosphorus on Growth, Yield and Nutrient Uptake by Pea Grown in Soil

MM Rahman
Department of Soil Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh.

ARM Solaiman
Department of Soil Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh.

D Khanam
Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh.

AJM Sirajul Karim
Department of Soil Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh.

MA Karim
Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The experiment was conducted in pot at the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh to study the response of pea (Pisum sativum) cv. IPSA Motorshuti-3 to dual inoculation with Rhizobium (R) and Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (AM) in presence and absence of phosphorus (P) on root colonization, spore population, nodulation, nitrogenase activity, growth, yield, and nutrient uptake by shoot. The performance of Rhizobium inoculant alone was superior to control in all the parameters of the crop studied. Among the treatments dual inoculation with Rhizobium and Arbuscular Mycorrhiza in combination with 25 kg P ha^-1 performed best in recording per cent root colonization, number and dry weight of nodules, dry weight of shoots, nitrogenase activity, number of pods/plant, number of seeds/pod, pod and seed yields, and nutrient uptake by pea. This treatment combination recorded green pod yield of 12.0 g/plant (140 % increase over control) and mature pod yield of 7.0 g/plant (146% increase over control). The effect of this treatment was however similar to the effect of dual inoculation with R and AM in combination with 12.5 kg P ha-1 in most of the parameters. From the view point of nodulation, nitrogenase activity, growth, and yield of pea, dual inoculation with Rhizobium inoculant and arbuscular mycorrhiza in combination with 25 kg P ha-1 was considered to be the best for the supply of balanced combination of nutrients for achieving the maximum output through cultivation of pea in Shallow Red Brown Terrace soil of Bangladesh

Keywords: Pea, Rhizobium, Arbuscular mycorrhiza, Phosphorus

Location: BSMRAU

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Pea

Objectives:

To assess the role of AM fungi, Rhizobium and phosphorus on the growth, yield and nutrient uptake by pea.

Methodology:

A pot experiment was carried out at the premises of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh to study the effect of dual inoculation of AM and Rhizobium, and phosphorus on pea variety IPSA Motorshuti-3, a newly released variety as the test crop. The soil was silty clay loam having organic carbon 0.94%, pH 6.5, CEC 15.5 meq/100 g soil, total nitrogen 0.07%, available P 12 ppm, available K 0.32 meq/100 g soil, exchangeable Ca 6.5 meq/100 g soil, exchangeable K 7.44 meq/100 g soil, exchangeable Mg 3.30 meq/100 g soil, exchangeable Na 0.76 meq/100 g soil. The number of viable Rhizobium was 4.1 x 10⁵/g soil. Standard methods were followed to determine the above properties. Eight kilogram sterilized soil was put in each earthen pot. Phosphorus (P) at the rate of 12.5and 25 kg P₂O₅/ha was applied as triple super phosphate. Twenty grams arbuscular mycorrhiza in the form of root, spore, soil etc. was applied. Potassium (K) at the rate of 35 kg K₂O/ha as muriate of potash, Sulphur (S) at the rate of 20 kg/ha as gypsum and Molybdenum (Mo) at the rate of 1 kg/ha as ammonium molybdate were applied as basal dose. The experiment was laid out in a complete randomized design (CRD) with 3 replications. There were 7 treatment combinations, viz T_-1 Control, T₂ Rhizobium (R), T₃ Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (AM), T₄(R + AM), T₅ (R + 25 kg P/ ha), T₆ (R+ AM+ 12.5 kg P/ ha), and T₇ (R+ AM+ 25 kg P/ ha). Four sets of pot arrangements were made for evaluation of vegetative, flowering, pod filling, and harvesting stages. Earlier soils of a seed bed were mixed with AM inoculum and sorghum (Sorghum vulgare L) plant was grown it. The plants were allowed to grow up to vegetative stage and then harvested. Roots of sorghum with rhizosphere soil were used as AM inoculum for the pot experiment. A layer of inoculum (2 g) was placed in pots as per treatments filled with sterilized soil and was covered with a thin soil layer (2 cm) in which seeds were sown. Rhizobium strain Rps-2001 was used for preparation of inoculum using sterilized peat as carrier material. Counts of viable rhizobia present in the inoculum were taken following the Drop Plate method10. The number of viable cells was 1.5x109/g of inoculum. Seeds of pea were surface sterilized using methyl alcohol and mercuric chloride before inoculation. Then 1.12 g Rhizobium inoculum was mixed with 56 g seeds with the help of gum arabic as sticking agent. Four seeds were sown in each pot. Pots were irrigated up to saturation to allow the soil and inoculum to settle down in the pots. After germination of seeds, two healthy seedlings were allowed to grow per pot. Pots were watered whenever necessary to maintain field moisture condition. Intercultural operations were done when necessary. The plants were observed daily to record any change of growth. The plants were free from insects and diseases. At the time of data collection the plants were carefully uprooted with minimum disturbance of roots. The roots were washed with tap water. Roots and shoots were separated with the help of a sharp scissors. Nodules were separated from the roots and then nodule number and weight were recorded and the roots were preserved for determination of per cent root colonization after necessary processing. The root pieces (2 cm) were stained following the method of Koske and Gemma11 with some modifications. The percentage of AM root colonization was estimated by root slide technique and the spore population was determined following the wet sieving and decanting method13. Shoots and nodules were dried in an oven for 72 hours at 700C. The oven-dried plant shoot was ground in a grinding machine (Wiley Pulverizer, Type 1029-8,Yoshida Seisakusho Co. Ltd). Total N content in the shoot was determined by ashing the plant material using salicylic acid modified kjeldahl method following sulfuric acid digestion and then colorimetric assay. Colorimetric determination of phosphorus using molybdivanado phosphoric acid was done to assess phosphorus content in shoot. Nitrogen and phosphorus uptake by shoot were calculated from the dataon dry matter yield and nitrogen and phosphorus contents in shoot material of the crop. Nitrogenase activity was determined by acetylene reduction assay. All data were analyzed using MSTAT-5 programme.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 27, Number 1, June 2010, pp 22-27

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The performance of Rhizobium inoculant alone was superior to control in all the parameters of the crop studied. Among the treatments dual inoculation with Rhizobium and Arbuscular Mycorrhiza in combination with 25 kg P ha^-1 performed best in recording per cent root colonization, number and dry weight of nodules, dry weight of shoots, nitrogenous activity, number of pods/plant, number of seeds/pod, pod and seed yields, and nutrient uptake by pea. This treatment combination recorded green pod yield of 12.0 g/plant (140 % increase over control) and mature pod yield of 7.0 g/plant (146% increase over control). The effect of this treatment was however similar to the effect of dual inoculation with R and AM in combination with 12.5 kg P ha-1 in most of the parameters. From the view point of nodulation, nitrogenous activity, growth, and yield of pea, dual inoculation with Rhizobium inoculant and arbuscular mycorrhiza in combination with 25 kg P ha^-1 was considered to be the best for the supply of balanced combination of nutrients for achieving the maximum output through cultivation of pea in Shallow Red Brown Terrace soil of Bangladesh.

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