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Toxic Response of Three Predatory Fishes to Four Indegenous Plant Seed Extracts

MUNIRA NASIRUDDIN
Department of Zoology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh

MOHAMMAD ALI AZADI
Department of Zoology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh

TANIA RAHMAN
Department of Zoology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh

ASHRAFUNNESSA
Department of Zoology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Toxicity of seed extracts of four indigenous plants, Luffa acutangula (Roxb.), Areca catechue (Linn.), Brassica nigra (Linn. Koch.) and Brassica hirta (Monech) was tested on three predatory fishes- Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch), Anabas testudineus (Bloch) and Channa punctatus (Bloch) under normal laboratory conditions. Due to the toxic effect of different seed extracts and concentrations, mortality rate varied. It also varied from species to species. On the basis of LC50 values of absolute ethyl alcohol extracts, L. acutangula seed extracts were more toxic for H. fossilis and A. testudineus. A. catechue seed extracts were of medium toxicity for all the experimental fishes. B. nigra seed extracts were less toxic whereas B. hirta seed extracts showed differential toxicity being more toxic for C. punctatus, medium for A. testudineus and less toxic for H. fossilis. The susceptibility pattern also varied in the three fish species. In case of L. acutangula, A. catechue and B. nigra seed extracts, the susceptibility was in the same order: H. fossilis > A. testudineus > C. punctatus but the effect of B. hirta seed extracts was reverse. To determine the ichthyotoxicity of the four seed extracts on the three predatory fishes, the present study was undertaken.

Keywords: Ichthyotoxicity, Plant extracts, Mortality, LC50, Susceptibility.

Location: Department of Zoology, University of Chittagong

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Extract (plant, seed)

Objectives:

The present study was carried out with the assaying of extracts of four indigenous plant seeds: Luffa acutangula (Roxb.), Areca catechue (Linn.), Brassica nigra (Linn. Koch.) and Brassica hirta (Monech.), on three predatory fish species: Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch), Anabas testudineus (Bloch) and Channa punctatus (Bloch) to evaluate the toxicity and determine the relative tolerance to these toxicants.

Methodology:

During the bioassay different sets of the experimental fishes were collected from local markets of Chittagong city on the days of the experiments. Collected fishes were brought immediately to the laboratory and acclimatized for 3-4 hours in laboratory condition. The average total length and weight of the fishes used in the experiments were respectively 11.20 + 0.46 cm and 8.55 + 0.87g for H. fossilis, 11.47 + 0.47 cm and 41.35 + 1.86 g for A. testudineus and 12.75 + 0.53 cm and 26.36 + 2.3 g for C. punctatus.To extract the toxicants, the seeds were pulverized into fine powder separately in a mortar and then in an electric grinder and then sieved through a 0.025 cm² mesh size sieve. The required amount of powder was mixed with required volume of distilled water, 50% or absolute ethyl alcohol separately. To ensure complete extraction, the flask was shaken vigorously in a magnetic stirrer for 3-4 hours. The resultant liquid was filtered through four folds of a fine muslin cloth. The filtrate was the stock solution and the different concentrations (ppm) were prepared from the stock solution by appropriate dilution (APHA 1976). Before the final experiments, many preliminary screenings were conducted on trial and error basis to determine the doses resulting 10-90% mortalities. Each experimental aquarium contained 5-litre of tap water and toxicant. Five concentrations of each extract were used. In each test, five test fishes were released in each concentration and each dose of the relevant toxicant was replicated twice and duration of the exposure period was 24 hours. In each set of experiment a control set was similarly maintained in non-chlorinated tap water. Mortality (%) was counted only with those fishes, which died within 24 hours after treatment. The temperature (^oC), pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) readings of water of control and experimental aquaria were recorded before the start and at the end of the experiments using ^oC thermometer, pH meter and portable DO meter. There was no mortality in the control sets of experiments. Following the methods of Finney (1971) mortality data were subjected to probit analysis. With 95% confidence limits the values of LC50 were analysed using a computer based probit analysis programme. Chi-square values were determined (Fisher and Yates 1963) and compared at 0.05 level of significance. Analysis of variance of mortality of fishes was made to estimate the variation among treatments at 0.01 level of significance. The relative potencies of equitoxic toxicants were calculated by taking the highest LC50 values of the toxicant as unit and comparing with the respective LC50 values of other toxicants.

Source of Information: The Chittagong Univ. J. B. Sci.,Vol. 6(1 &2):27-39, 2011.

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

In conclusion, it can be said that laboratory toxicity studies of crude dry powder of toxic plant seeds can give optimal information regarding the spectrum of toxicity of the plant toxicants.

Knowledge Management: Journal