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Screening of Wheat Genotypes for Boron Efficiency

M. Ahmed
Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

M. Jahiruddin
Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

M. H. Mian
Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Several sand culture and field experiments were conducted to screen out a number of Bangladeshi wheat varieties and advanced lines for boron (B) efficiency against Thai B efficient (‘Fang 60’) and inefficient (‘SW41’ and ‘E12’) varieties. Performances of wheat genotypes were evaluated with respect to flag leaf B concentration, pollen viability, grain set index, and grain yield. Wheat genotypes responded differently to boron deficiency. Pollen viability was found to be 67% in ‘Kanchan’, 35% in ‘Gourab’, 80% in ‘Sourav’, 90% in ‘Fang 60’, and 25% in ‘SW 41’when B was not added. Pollen viability of all varieties was above 90% when B was applied. Based on grain set index and leaf B concentration, ‘Sourav’ was found to be the moderately B efficient variety. Thus, ‘Sourav’ can be regarded as a breeding material for development of new wheat varieties for tolerance to B deficiency.

Keywords: Boron, Grain set index, Pollen viability, Wheat genotypes

Location: Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh.

Start Date: 00-01-2005

End Date: 00-06-2005

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Wheat

Objectives:

1. The present study was undertaken to screen out the boron efficient wheat genotypes.

Methodology:

Three experiments were conducted to evaluate a set of wheat varieties and advanced lines from Bangladesh against B efficient and inefficient varieties from Thailand for their response to low B supply as to identify the B efficient wheat genotypes. Experiment I compared three Bangladeshi wheat varieties (‘Kanchan’, ‘Gourab’ and ‘Sourav’) with two Thai B inefficient (‘SW41’ and ‘E12’) and one Thai B efficient (‘Fang 60’) wheat varieties as checks. Three pre-germinated seeds were sown in each well-drained earthen pots (each 30 cm diameter, 30 cm height) filled with washed quartz silica sand. There were three replications for each variety and each B treatment. Distilled water was added twice daily for the first five days and the nutrient solution with and without B (0, 0.1, 0.3, and 10 μM) was added daily until the crop attained maturity. Composition of 1 L solution was 1000 μM calcium chloride (CaCl₂), 250 μMmagnesium sulfate (MgSO₄), 500 μMmonopotassium phosphate (KH₂PO₄), 10 μM iron ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (Fe EDTA), 250 μM dipotassium sulfate (K₂SO₄), 1 μM manganese sulfate (MnSO₄), 0.5 μM zinc sulfate (ZnSO₄), 0.2 μM copper sulfate (CuSO₄), 0.1 μM cobalt sulfate (CoSO₄), 0.1 μM disodium molybdate (Na2MoO₄), and 5 μM potassium nitrate (KNO₃). The pots were flushed with distilled water every 4 weeks. The wheat varieties were compared with respect to flag leaf B concentration (assessed on five plants pot⁻¹), pollen viability (KI test), grain set index (GSI assessed on the first two ears from each plant), and grain yield plant⁻¹ (g). Experiment II evaluated 40 wheat genotypes (37 genotypes from Bangladesh and 3 from Thailand as checks as in experiment I). The plants were grown in the sand culture in duplicate with and without added B (0 and 10 μM) and also in the field having low B content (0.1 mg hw B kg⁻¹). The genotypes were sown continuously in single 1-metre rows in the field with no B application. Data were taken same as the sand culture experiment and 20 random ears were selected from each line for GSI counting. Experiment III tested 12 wheat varieties, 10 from Bangladesh and 2 from Thailand for their response to B application (0 and 1 kg B ha⁻¹). Varieties ‘Fang 60’ and ‘SW41’ were used as check. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with three replications. Each plot area size was 2m by 2m. The soil had 6.6 pH, 1.95% organic matter, 0.17% total nitrogen (N), 7.0 mg kg⁻¹ sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃) extractable phosphorus (P), 0.16 cmol kg⁻¹ exchangeable potassium (K), 20 mg kg⁻¹ calcium chloride (CaCl2) extractable sulfur (S), and 0.14 mg kg⁻¹ available B contents. The available B in soil was determined by hot water-CaCl₂ extraction and the flag leaf B by nitric acid-perchloric acid (HNO₃-HClO₄) digestion. Both extractable B was estimated by azomethine–H color development method. The yield and yield contributing characters were recorded. Experiment I and II were carried out in Thailand at Chiangmai University, and the experiment was conducted in Bangladesh at Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh.

Source of Information: Journal of Plant Nutrition, 30: 1127–1138, 2007

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

‘Sourav’ can be regarded as a breeding material for development of new wheat varieties for tolerance to B deficiency.

Knowledge Management: Journal